Bio U4 Respiration Flashcards
The outer membrane of the mitochondria
Contains proteins to transport PYRUVATE from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria
The inner membrane of the mitochondria
Highly folded into cristae to increase surface area, allowing more electron carriers to fit into the membrane
Define ANABOLISM
The building up of complex molecules from simpler ones
Amino acids to proteins
Define catabolism
The breaking down of complex molecules to simpler ones
Proteins to amino acids
Metabolic processes that need energy
Cell transport processes - active transport Muscle contractions DNA replications Protein synthesis Digestion
NAD
Coenzyme that accepts hydrogen and carries it to where it is needed.
NAD accepts hydrogen in glycolysis, the links reaction and the Krebs cycle and releases it at the electron transport chain (OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION)
Coenzyme A
CoA
Carries a ACETATE group from the link reaction to the KREBS CYCLE
Here the ACETATE group combines with OXALOACETATE to form CITRATE
Respiration
The process whereby energy stores in complex molecules is used to make ATP. Occurs in living cells
What are the four stages respiration occurs in
Glycolysis
The Link Reaction
Krebs Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
The last three stages of respiration only take place under …
Aerobic conditions
Under ANAEROBIC conditions PYRUVATE is…
Converted to either ETHANOL or LACTATE
Glycolysis
Happens in the CYTOPLASM of all cells
Doesn’t need O2 and can take place in aerobic or anaerobic conditions
During glycolysis, glucose-6C- is broken down into 2 molecules of PYRUVATE 3C
The link reaction
Happens in the MATRIX of the mitochondria
PYRUVATE is dehydrogenated and decarboxylated and converted into acetate
PYRUVATE is combines with coenzyme A to give acetylcoenzyme A (ACoA)
Krebs cycle
Takes place in the MATRIX of mitochondria
Citrate is converted back into OXALOACETATE
ACETATE is dehydrogenated and decarboxylated
Oxidative phosphorylation
Takes place on the folded inner membranes (CRISTAE) of mitochondria
This is where ADP is phosphorylated into ATP