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biology (stimer) > bio test (7.4-8.5) > Flashcards

bio test (7.4-8.5) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

place where bones come together

A

joints

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2
Q

joint where fingers meet the hand

A

ellipsoid joint

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3
Q

most freely-movable joints

A

ball-and-socket

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4
Q

one plane of movement

A

hinge joint

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5
Q

inflammation of joints

A

arthritis

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6
Q

overstressing of a joint

A

sprain

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7
Q

muscles used without conscious thought

A

involuntary muscles

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8
Q

muscle cells in heart

A

cardiac muscle cells

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9
Q

muscles in involuntary muscles

A

skeletal muscles

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10
Q

muscle that moves jaw

A

masseter

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11
Q

shrug shoulders

A

trapezius

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12
Q

bend forearm

A

bicep brachii

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13
Q

extend forearm

A

tricep brachii

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14
Q

sit up from reclining position

A

rectus abdominis

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15
Q

largest and strongest muscle in body

A

gluteus maximus

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16
Q

straighten out leg

A

hamstrings

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17
Q

largest calf muscle

A

gastrocnemius

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18
Q

sheath that covers muscles

A

fasica

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19
Q

motor neuron and group of muscle cells it controls

A

motor unit

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20
Q

enlargement of muscles through use

A

hypertrophy

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21
Q

when muscles aren’t being used enough

A

atrophy

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22
Q

muscle fibers containing fewer mitochondria and less
myoglobin

A

white fibers

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23
Q

Muscle fibers that contain many mitochondria and large amounts of myoglobin

A

red fibers

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24
Q

part of nervous system with brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

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25
Q

triple layer of protection on nerves

A

meninges

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26
Q

supports and insulates nerve tissue

A

glial cells

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27
Q

com­posed of axons and glial cells that are white because of their myelin content

A

white matter

28
Q

found within the brain and spinal cord consists largely of the cell bodies of neurons

A

gray matter

29
Q

selective semipermeable membrane between the blood and the interstitium of the brain

A

blood brain barrier

30
Q

damage to the meninges

A

meningitis

31
Q

disease that attacks the spinal cord

A

polio

32
Q

controls muscles such as the heart and lungs. automatic.

A

autonomic nervous system

33
Q

nerve cells

A

neurons

34
Q

disease when immune system attacks glial cells

A

MS

35
Q

inability of muscle movement

A

paralysis

36
Q

information relay between two neurons

A

synapse

37
Q

characterized by tremors

A

Parkinson’s disease

38
Q

simplest act of the nervous system

A

reflex

39
Q

controls intense thought

A

cerebrum

40
Q

hemispheres communicate with each other through nerve fibers, located at the base of the cerebrum

A

corpus callosum

41
Q

the region of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements

A

motor area

42
Q

damage to motor area soon after birth

A

cerebral palsy

43
Q

controls complex muscle movement

A

cerebellum

44
Q

part of the brain stem

A

medulla oblongata

45
Q

physical affect of emotion

A

hypothalamus

46
Q

person’s actions being explained as responses to stimuli

A

behaviorism

47
Q

most common serious injury

A

stroke

48
Q

prolonged stage of unconsciousness

A

coma

49
Q

smell, hearing, balance, taste, sight

A

special senses

50
Q

bare dendrite that reacts to a certain type of stimulus

A

pain receptors

51
Q

pain response to hot or cold

A

thermoreceptors

52
Q

organs responsible for taste

A

taste buds

53
Q

connected to the nasal cavity and the brain

A

olfactory nerve

54
Q

runs from your cochlea to a station in your brain stem

A

auditory nerve

55
Q

receives vibrations from the jaw bone

A

bone conduction

56
Q

outer layer of tissue; protects the eye. light of eye.

A

sclera

57
Q

responsible for transmitting visual information

A

optic nerve

58
Q

innermost layer of the eye

A

retna

59
Q

small depression on the retna

A

fovea

60
Q

long, then cells with the thickness of a human hair

A

rods

61
Q

shorter and thicker than rods and are “tipped shaped”

A

cones

62
Q

result of a curved cornea

A

stigmatism

63
Q

cannot distinguish one or more primary colors

A

color blind

64
Q

condition in the eyes in which the pressure fluid in the eye rises

A

glaucoma

65
Q

how does alcohol affect the nervous system. list two or more things.

A

the liver converts alcohol into another poison which causes hangovers. acts as a depressant and slows the body down. can cause permanent death of brain cells. main cause of death today.

66
Q

what drug is alcohol exactly

A

ethanol

biology (stimer) (4 decks)

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