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biology (stimer) > bio exam (semester 1) > Flashcards

bio exam (semester 1) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

built-in maintenance of a stable environment

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

system designed specifically for homeostasis

A

integumentary system

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3
Q

functions of the skin

A

communication, protection, secretion

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4
Q

top layer of skin

A

epidermis

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5
Q

pigment in the skin and hair

A

melanin

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6
Q

hardens the skin

A

keratin

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7
Q

second layer of skin

A

dermis

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8
Q

third layer of skin

A

subcutaneous layer

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9
Q

more serious than a sunburn

A

skin cancer

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10
Q

most serious skin cancer

A

malignant melanoma

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11
Q

oil that waterproofs your skin and keeps it soft and flexible

A

sebum

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12
Q

regulate body temperature

A

sweat glands

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13
Q

removal of waste substance from the body

A

excretion

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14
Q

most important excretory organ

A

kidneys

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15
Q

network of blood vessels & renal tubes where blood is filtered and purified liquids are absorbed

A

nephrons

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16
Q

return of substances in the fluid in the renal tube to the blood

A

reabsortion

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17
Q

liquid waste removed from the body

A

urine

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18
Q

hormone that increases blood pressure

A

renin

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19
Q

hormone that controls reabsorption of water

A

ADH

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20
Q

machine that works for the kidneys

A

dialysis

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21
Q

allows efficient control of the body over longer periods

A

endocrine system

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22
Q

chemical messengers of the body

A

hormone

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23
Q

master gland

A

pituitary gland

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24
Q

growth hormone

A

somatotropin

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25
Q

regulates chemical activity rate in the body’s cells

A

thyroid gland

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26
Q

swelling in the neck caused by a lack of iodine

A

(simple) goiter

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27
Q

produces insulin and glucgaon

A

islets of Langerhans

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28
Q

disease when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or doesn’t respond to insulin

A

diabetes mellitus

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29
Q

adrenaline

A

epinephrine

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30
Q

produced on the outer shell of the adrenal glands. lipid molecule.

A

steroids

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31
Q

hormone that helps you sleep

A

melatonin

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32
Q

produces melatonin

A

pineal gland

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33
Q

responsible for the continuation of the human race

A

reproductive system

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34
Q

time of physical transition from child to adult

A

adolescence

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35
Q

stage when reproductive organs mature

A

puberty

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36
Q

female reproductive organs

A

ovaries

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37
Q

female reproductive hormone

A

estrogen

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38
Q

male reproductive hormone

A

testosterone

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39
Q

provides a place for an unborn child

A

uterus

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40
Q

moment when fertilization occurs

A

conception

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41
Q

38-40 week period from conception to birth

A

gestation

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42
Q

baby called _______ in the first 8 weeks of gestation

A

embryo

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43
Q

baby called _________ after the first 8 weeks of gestation

A

fetus

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44
Q

connects the placenta and fetus

A

umbilical cord

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45
Q

process of birth

A

labor

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46
Q

study of living things

A

biology

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47
Q

one main root

A

taproot

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48
Q

flowering seed plant

A

angiosperm

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49
Q

one year of growth

A

annual

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50
Q

two years of growth

A

biennial

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51
Q

many years of growth

A

perennial

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52
Q

lose leaves in the winter

A

deciduous

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53
Q

system above ground

A

shoot system

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54
Q

system below ground

A

root system

55
Q

contain developing leaf or stem structures

A

bud

56
Q

make their own food

A

autotrophs

57
Q

process when plants make their own food

A

photosynthesis

58
Q

transfer of pollen from the another to the stigma

A

pollination

59
Q

reproductive cells (egg and sperm)

A

gametes

60
Q

union of sperm and egg cells

A

fertilization

61
Q

fruit of grass plant

A

grain

62
Q

kidney circulation

A

renal circulation

63
Q

liver circulation

A

portal circulation

64
Q

small structures at the end of bronchioles

A

alveoli

65
Q

take blood to the heart

A

veins

66
Q

most common respiratory disease

A

common cold

67
Q

regulates metabolism

A

thyroxine

68
Q

fleshy and juicy throughout

A

berry

69
Q

period of inactivity

A

dormant

70
Q

growth in length

A

primary growth

71
Q

older & inner wood

A

heartwood

72
Q

younger & outer wood

A

sapwood

73
Q

thick stems growing horizontally underground

A

rhizomes

74
Q

special stems used for protection

A

thorns

75
Q

covering of end of root

A

root cap

76
Q

one way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

A

osmosis

77
Q

produce seeds but no flowers. naked seed.

A

gymnosperm

78
Q

both sexual and asexual reproduction

A

alternation of generation

79
Q

moss “roots”. hair-like threads that absorb water & minerals

A

rhizoids

80
Q

smallest of the chlorophyll containing plants

A

algae

81
Q

largest brown algae

A

kelp

82
Q

organisms that feed on dead things

A

saprophytes

83
Q

feed off of living organisms

A

parasites

84
Q

functions as a unit to perform an action

A

system

85
Q

offense & get rid of foreign invaders (system)

A

immune system

86
Q

support & structure system

A

skeletal system

87
Q

nonliving material that surrounds cells

A

matrix

88
Q

bone to bone

A

ligament

89
Q

connective tissue between joints and bones

A

cartilage

90
Q

largest bone in the body

A

femur

91
Q

muscle to bone

A

tendon

92
Q

bones that protect vital organs

A

flat bones

93
Q

red & white blood cells are produced

A

red bone marrow

94
Q

most freely movable joints

A

ball-and-socket joints

95
Q

muscles only located in the heart

A

cardiac muscles

96
Q

largest/strongest muscle in the body

A

gluteus maximus

97
Q

muscle degeneration

A

atrophy

98
Q

enlargement of muscles through use

A

hypertrophy

99
Q

principle organ of the nervous system

A

brain

100
Q

contains the brain & spinal cord

A

central nervous system

101
Q

nerve cell

A

neuron

102
Q

inability to move muscles

A

paralysis

103
Q

disease characterized by tremors

A

Parkinson’s disease

104
Q

simplest act of the nervous system

A

reflex

105
Q

controls complex thought

A

cerebellum

106
Q

person’s action

A

behaviorism

107
Q

more serious than dementia

A

alzheimer’s

108
Q

taste organs

A

taste buds

109
Q

nerve from the nose to the brain

A

olfactory nerve

110
Q

nerve from the eye to the brain

A

optic nerve

111
Q

cells in eye used to see color

A

cones

112
Q

cells in eye used to see black & white

A

rods

113
Q

all chemical processes of life

A

metabolsim

114
Q

organic compound

A

carbohydrate

115
Q

characterized by their insolubility in water

A

lipids

116
Q

building blocks of proteins

A

amino acid

117
Q

organs used for chewing, cutting, tearing, etc.

A

teeth

118
Q

most common disease in mankind

A

tooth decay/ dental caries/ cavities

119
Q

muscular action of mixing foods

A

peristalsis

120
Q

primary organ of digestion & absorption

A

small intestine

121
Q

hormone that creates glucagon

A

insulin

122
Q

painful colon infection

A

dysentery

123
Q

majority of blood

A

plasma

124
Q

critically low blood pressure

A

circulatory shock

125
Q

too little oxygen being transported to cells

A

anemia

126
Q

blood cells that are a part of the immune system

A

white blood cells

127
Q

inability to form blood clots

A

hemophilia

128
Q

universal recipient

A

AB+

129
Q

universal donor

A

-O

130
Q

world’s most efficient pump

A

heart

131
Q

largest artery in body

A

aorta

132
Q

take blood away from the heart

A

arteries

133
Q

heart circulation

A

coronary circulation

biology (stimer) (4 decks)

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