bio exam (semester 1) Flashcards
1
Q
built-in maintenance of a stable environment
A
homeostasis
2
Q
system designed specifically for homeostasis
A
integumentary system
3
Q
functions of the skin
A
communication, protection, secretion
4
Q
top layer of skin
A
epidermis
5
Q
pigment in the skin and hair
A
melanin
6
Q
hardens the skin
A
keratin
7
Q
second layer of skin
A
dermis
8
Q
third layer of skin
A
subcutaneous layer
9
Q
more serious than a sunburn
A
skin cancer
10
Q
most serious skin cancer
A
malignant melanoma
11
Q
oil that waterproofs your skin and keeps it soft and flexible
A
sebum
12
Q
regulate body temperature
A
sweat glands
13
Q
removal of waste substance from the body
A
excretion
14
Q
most important excretory organ
A
kidneys
15
Q
network of blood vessels & renal tubes where blood is filtered and purified liquids are absorbed
A
nephrons
16
Q
return of substances in the fluid in the renal tube to the blood
A
reabsortion
17
Q
liquid waste removed from the body
A
urine
18
Q
hormone that increases blood pressure
A
renin
19
Q
hormone that controls reabsorption of water
A
ADH
20
Q
machine that works for the kidneys
A
dialysis
21
Q
allows efficient control of the body over longer periods
A
endocrine system
22
Q
chemical messengers of the body
A
hormone
23
Q
master gland
A
pituitary gland
24
Q
growth hormone
A
somatotropin
25
regulates chemical activity rate in the body's cells
thyroid gland
26
swelling in the neck caused by a lack of iodine
(simple) goiter
27
produces insulin and glucgaon
islets of Langerhans
28
disease when the body doesn't produce enough insulin or doesn't respond to insulin
diabetes mellitus
29
adrenaline
epinephrine
30
produced on the outer shell of the adrenal glands. lipid molecule.
steroids
31
hormone that helps you sleep
melatonin
32
produces melatonin
pineal gland
33
responsible for the continuation of the human race
reproductive system
34
time of physical transition from child to adult
adolescence
35
stage when reproductive organs mature
puberty
36
female reproductive organs
ovaries
37
female reproductive hormone
estrogen
38
male reproductive hormone
testosterone
39
provides a place for an unborn child
uterus
40
moment when fertilization occurs
conception
41
38-40 week period from conception to birth
gestation
42
baby called _______ in the first 8 weeks of gestation
embryo
43
baby called _________ after the first 8 weeks of gestation
fetus
44
connects the placenta and fetus
umbilical cord
45
process of birth
labor
46
study of living things
biology
47
one main root
taproot
48
flowering seed plant
angiosperm
49
one year of growth
annual
50
two years of growth
biennial
51
many years of growth
perennial
52
lose leaves in the winter
deciduous
53
system above ground
shoot system
54
system below ground
root system
55
contain developing leaf or stem structures
bud
56
make their own food
autotrophs
57
process when plants make their own food
photosynthesis
58
transfer of pollen from the another to the stigma
pollination
59
reproductive cells (egg and sperm)
gametes
60
union of sperm and egg cells
fertilization
61
fruit of grass plant
grain
62
kidney circulation
renal circulation
63
liver circulation
portal circulation
64
small structures at the end of bronchioles
alveoli
65
take blood to the heart
veins
66
most common respiratory disease
common cold
67
regulates metabolism
thyroxine
68
fleshy and juicy throughout
berry
69
period of inactivity
dormant
70
growth in length
primary growth
71
older & inner wood
heartwood
72
younger & outer wood
sapwood
73
thick stems growing horizontally underground
rhizomes
74
special stems used for protection
thorns
75
covering of end of root
root cap
76
one way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
77
produce seeds but no flowers. naked seed.
gymnosperm
78
both sexual and asexual reproduction
alternation of generation
79
moss "roots". hair-like threads that absorb water & minerals
rhizoids
80
smallest of the chlorophyll containing plants
algae
81
largest brown algae
kelp
82
organisms that feed on dead things
saprophytes
83
feed off of living organisms
parasites
84
functions as a unit to perform an action
system
85
offense & get rid of foreign invaders (system)
immune system
86
support & structure system
skeletal system
87
nonliving material that surrounds cells
matrix
88
bone to bone
ligament
89
connective tissue between joints and bones
cartilage
90
largest bone in the body
femur
91
muscle to bone
tendon
92
bones that protect vital organs
flat bones
93
red & white blood cells are produced
red bone marrow
94
most freely movable joints
ball-and-socket joints
95
muscles only located in the heart
cardiac muscles
96
largest/strongest muscle in the body
gluteus maximus
97
muscle degeneration
atrophy
98
enlargement of muscles through use
hypertrophy
99
principle organ of the nervous system
brain
100
contains the brain & spinal cord
central nervous system
101
nerve cell
neuron
102
inability to move muscles
paralysis
103
disease characterized by tremors
Parkinson's disease
104
simplest act of the nervous system
reflex
105
controls complex thought
cerebellum
106
person's action
behaviorism
107
more serious than dementia
alzheimer's
108
taste organs
taste buds
109
nerve from the nose to the brain
olfactory nerve
110
nerve from the eye to the brain
optic nerve
111
cells in eye used to see color
cones
112
cells in eye used to see black & white
rods
113
all chemical processes of life
metabolsim
114
organic compound
carbohydrate
115
characterized by their insolubility in water
lipids
116
building blocks of proteins
amino acid
117
organs used for chewing, cutting, tearing, etc.
teeth
118
most common disease in mankind
tooth decay/ dental caries/ cavities
119
muscular action of mixing foods
peristalsis
120
primary organ of digestion & absorption
small intestine
121
hormone that creates glucagon
insulin
122
painful colon infection
dysentery
123
majority of blood
plasma
124
critically low blood pressure
circulatory shock
125
too little oxygen being transported to cells
anemia
126
blood cells that are a part of the immune system
white blood cells
127
inability to form blood clots
hemophilia
128
universal recipient
AB+
129
universal donor
-O
130
world's most efficient pump
heart
131
largest artery in body
aorta
132
take blood away from the heart
arteries
133
heart circulation
coronary circulation
