bio test (14-15)

Question 1

basis for one’s philosophy

Answer 1

worldview

Question 2

came up with the idea of evolution

Answer 2

Charles Darwin

Question 3

book that Darwin read on his voyage

Answer 3

Principle of Geology

Question 4

wrote Principles of Geology

Answer 4

Charles Lyell

Question 5

idea that the present is the only key to the past and that all things continue by natural processes at the same rates as they always have

Answer 5

uniformitarianism

Question 6

book written by Darwin

Answer 6

Origin of Species

Question 7

idea that the fittest and strongest members of each species were more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker, poorly adapted members

Answer 7

natural selection

Question 8

sought to improve the human species by selectively breeding humans to produce a “master race”

Answer 8

eugenics

Question 9

changes within a particular kind of organism, referring to variations in the gene pool within a population

Answer 9

speciation/microevolution

Question 10

hypothetical process by which new kinds of creatures emerge from existing kinds over time

Answer 10

macroevolution

Question 11

how often macroevolution has been observed

Answer 11

never (observed in nature)

Question 12

remains or impressions of plants, animals, and humans preserved in sedimentary rock

Answer 12

fossils

Question 13

study of fossils

Answer 13

paleontology

Question 14

fossils that connect one
kind of organism with another kind by a
series of tiny steps

Answer 14

transitional forms

Question 15

suggested that evolution occurs in
sudden spurts, followed by long
periods without noticeable change

Answer 15

punctuated equilibrium hypothesis

Question 16

simple-to-complex sequence of
fossil chart

Answer 16

geologic column

Question 17

where to find the geologic column

Answer 17

in text books/no where

Question 18

layers in the geologic column that are
identified by the presence of character

Answer 18

index fossil

Question 19

logical fallacy of basing an argument
on the very premise it attempts to prove

Answer 19

circular reasoning

Question 20

credence to the ancient dates used in the geologic column

Answer 20

radiometric dating

Question 21

serious contradictions between the facts of the
fossil record and the hypothesis of evolution. period before evolution

Answer 21

cambrian explosion

Question 22

unlike most fish, the fins are attached to the body by thick, fleshy lobes that allow the fins to be more freely rotated

Answer 22

coelacanth

Question 23

often presented as an
evolutionary link between dinosaurs
and modern birds

Answer 23

archaeopteryx

Question 24

book in which Charles Darwin applied his ideas of evolution to the origin of mankind

Answer 24

descent of man

Question 25

most important difference in man and ape

Answer 25

man is made in the image of God

Question 26

pig tooth

Answer 26

Nebraska man

Question 27

known as a hoax

Answer 27

Piltdown man

Question 28

thought to be a man but was actually an orangutang

Answer 28

Ramapithecus

Question 29

handy man

Answer 29

Homo Habilus

Question 30

Taung child

Answer 30

A. Africanus

Question 31

Java man & Peking man are examples

Answer 31

homo erectus. upright man.

Question 32

cave man

Answer 32

Cro-magnon man

Question 33

fossils lost in WW2

Answer 33

Peking man

Question 34

found in a valley in Germany

Answer 34

Neanderthal man

Question 35

founded comparative anatomy

Answer 35

George Cuvier

Question 36

same function but different design

Answer 36

analogy

Question 37

same function and a similar design

Answer 37

homology

Question 38

argued that the intricate mechanisms of living things exhibit evidence of design by their Creator

Answer 38

William Paley

Question 39

random errors in an organism’s genetic material

Answer 39

mutations

Question 40

animal that is an example of natural selection

Answer 40

peppered moth

Question 41

stating that an unborn baby, while developing in its mother’s womb, goes through stages of development that “replay” man’s supposed evolution from a simple invertebrate to his present form

Answer 41

embryonic recapitulation

Question 42

developed the hypothesis of embryonic recapitulation

Answer 42

Ernst Haeckel

Question 43

study of how living things interact with one another and with their physical environment

Answer 43

ecology

Question 44

organism’s environment or home

Answer 44

habitat

Question 45

relatively thin layer of Earth’s surface in which life exists

Answer 45

biosphere

Question 46

basic unit of ecology and may be defined as the interrelated network of all organisms and their environment within a limited area

Answer 46

ecosystem

Question 47

smallest living unit of the biosphere

Answer 47

organism

Question 48

six abiotic factors

Answer 48

temperature, wind, water, soil, radiation, & atmosphere

Question 49

ideal range of values for an environmental factor in which an organism can thrive

Answer 49

optimum range

Question 50

consumers that feed on only plants

Answer 50

herbivores

Question 51

consumers that feed only on other animals

Answer 51

carnivores

Question 52

a model used by ecologists to show all possible feeding relation­ships at each trophic level

Answer 52

food web

Question 53

function or “oc­cupation” of a living thing

Answer 53

niche

Question 54

defined as a close relationship between two different species over a period of time

Answer 54

symbiosis

Question 55

relationship between two organisms in which one benefits while the other is harmed

Answer 55

parasitism

Question 56

relationship in which both organisms benefit

Answer 56

mutualism

Question 57

relationship in which one organism is benefited and the other is neither harmed nor helped

Answer 57

commensalism

Question 58

relationship with a predator and prey

Answer 58

predation

Question 59

organisms share only an indirect relationship

Answer 59

neutralism

Question 60

grazing animals feed on plants by cropping portions of the plant without killing it

Answer 60

herbivory

Question 61

biogeochemical cycle in which water moves from the soil and from the water surfaces of the earth, through the atmosphere, and back to the earth again

Answer 61

hydrologic cycle

Question 62

treeless northern biome that has long, harsh winters and permafrost

Answer 62

arctic tundra

Question 63

biome that has well-defined seasons and is dominated by deciduous broadleaf trees

Answer 63

temperate deciduous forest

Question 64

tropical grassland biome

Answer 64

savanna

Question 65

any aquatic ecosystem associated with the ocean and having high salinity

Answer 65

marine ecosystem

Question 66

nutrient-rich fresh water from rivers and streams meets and mixes with seawater

Answer 66

estuary

Question 67

ecological succession that starts with barren ground

Answer 67

primary succession

Question 68

first organisms that col­onize a disturbed ecosystem

Answer 68

pioneer species

Question 69

Scripture declares that man has _____ over nature

Answer 69

dominion

Question 70

man’s responsibility to manage creation in a way that balances the wise use of natural resources and their conservation

Answer 70

stewardship

Question 71

using resources in a responsible way that allows their continued use

Answer 71

conservation

Question 72

ecological succession that starts with ready soil and pioneer species

Answer 72

secondary succession