BIO TEST 3 - LECTURE 4 STUDY GUIDE

Question 1

Know the steps to the sodium-potassium pump cycle we discussed in class (a picture with a multiple choice option will be displayed if this question is chosen by Excel).

Answer 1

For every 3 sodium that is taken out of the cell
2 potassium is taken in

Question 2

What is the definition of coupled transport?

Answer 2

Molecules are moved against their concentration gradient by using energy stored in a gradient of different molecules
(sodium and glucose)

Question 3

Why is coupled transport sometimes used within a cell?

Answer 3

To allow substances to move in and out of the membrane.

Question 4

What is the definition of countertransport?

Answer 4

*Counter transport?
inward movement of potassium and is coupled with the outward movement of the other substance.

Question 5

What is the difference between a symport and antiport?

Answer 5

Antiport
2 substances band to the same transport proteins but they band on the opposite sides of the membrane and are moved in opposite directions’
Symport
TWO MOLECULES MOVING IN THE SAME DIRECTION ACROSS A MEMBRANE.

Question 6

There are three main types of endocytosis. _______________ is when the material the cell engulfs is a type of particulate (a fragment of organic matter). Fill in the blank.

Answer 6

Phagocytosis

Question 7

There are three main types of endocytosis. _______________ is when the material the cell engulfs is a liquid (common among animal cells). Fill in the blank.

Answer 7

Pinocytosis

Question 8

There are three main types of endocytosis. Which statement does not describe the steps of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Answer 8

Receptor mediated cytosis
each pit acts like a molecular mousetrap, closing over to form an internal vesicle when the right molecules enter the pits.

Question 9

Which statement does not describe the varying types of exocytosis discussed during class?

Answer 9

pinocytosis
phagocytosis
receptor mediated cytosis

Question 10

According to the video Cell Transport (Amoeba Sisters), which statement describes the basics of active transport?

Answer 10

Active Transport
force those molecules to go against their concentration gradient and one way it can do that is actually energizing the transport protein itself.

Question 11

According to the video Cell Transport (Amoeba Sisters), what is endocytosis?

Answer 11

Endocytosis
the fusing of substances with the cell membrane will form vesicles that can be taken inside the cell.
Endo means in

Question 12

According to the video Cell Transport (Amoeba Sisters), what is exocytosis?

Answer 12

Exocytosis
can be used to get rid of cell waste and getting important materials out that the cell has made.
Exo means exit

Question 13

According to the video Intro to Cell Signaling, what takes place during the second stage of cell signaling called transduction?

Answer 13

The receptor gets activated by this binding. This often means the receptor will change its shape. It can even involve a whole series of molecules changing their conformation in something called a signal.

Question 14

According to the video Intro to Cell Signaling, what takes place during the second stage of cell signaling called transduction?

Answer 14

This often means the receptor will change its shape.

Question 15

According to the video Intro to Cell Signaling, what takes place during the third stage of cell signaling called response?

Answer 15

Response
A portion of DNA that is found in the nucleus getting transcribed.

Question 16

According to the video Intro to Cell Signaling, what is the main difference between intracellular and intercellular signaling?

Answer 16

Intracellular signaling
occurs within the cell itself and intercellular signaling where a cell communicates with another cell.

Question 17

According to the video Intro to Cell Signaling, _______________ signaling allows a cell to target another cell by a signal molecule that may diffuse between them. These cells are still close, but need not be connected. Fill in the blank.

Answer 17

Paracrine

Question 18

According to the video Intro to Cell Signaling, _______________ signaling which specifically involves neurotransmitters in a synapse is another example of local signaling. Fill in the blank.

Answer 18

Synaptic

Question 19

According to the video Intro to Cell Signaling, _______________ signaling can allow a cell to communicate with a target cell from far away. Fill in the blank.

Answer 19

Endocrine

Question 20

According to the video Intro to Cell Signaling, _______________ signaling is when a cell signals itself. For example, a cell could secrete a certain type of molecule which then binds to its own receptor and causes a response. Fill in the blank.

Answer 20

Intracellular

Question 21

According to the video Intro to Cell Signaling, _______________ is an example of a disease that can involve body cells with problems in cell signaling. Fill in the blank.

Answer 21

Cancer

Question 22

Effective signaling requires a signaling molecule called ______________ and a cellular protein that binds to it called a receptor protein. Fill in the blank.

Answer 22

Ligand

Question 23

What can occur when ligand binds to a membrane or intracellular receptor?

Answer 23

The receptor’s intracellular domain (part inside the cell) changes in some way. Generally, it takes on a new shape, which may make it active as an enzyme or let it bind other molecules.