BIO TEST 3 - LECTURE 1 STUDY GUIDE

Question 1

The extracellular matrix of animal cells have an elaborate mixture of proteins and glycoproteins within the space surrounding the plasma membrane. Which statement does not describe a function of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 1

RESPONSIBLE FOR..

• SUPPORT, STRENGTH, AND RESILIENCE TO THE CELL
• GENE EXPRESSION AND CHEMICAL PATHWAYS

Question 2

The extracellular matrix of animal cells have an elaborate mixture of proteins and glycoproteins within the space surrounding the plasma membrane. Which statement accurately describes one of these components of the extracellular matrix: (a) collagen, (b) elastin, (c) proteoglycans, (d) fibronectin, or (e) integrin?

Answer 2

(b) ELASTIN

• LONG THREADS OF GLYCOPROTEINS, MAINLY THERE FOR SUPPORT AND STRENGTH

Question 3

_________________ have a 3-D shape that fit the shape of a specific signal molecule. Fill in the blank.

Answer 3

Receptor proteins

3-D

Question 4

_________________ are a type of receptor proteins which can recognize “self” and “nonself” cells by the immune system. Fill in the blank.

Answer 4

MHC

RECEPTOR

Question 5

What is the definition of a cell junction?

Answer 5

CELL JUNCTIONS -

• LONG LASTING PERMANENT CONNECTIONS BETWEEN CELLS

Question 6

___________________ are a type of cell junction which is found in invertebrates and vertebrates and form a barrier that can seal off a sheet of cells. Fill in the blank.

Answer 6

Septate Junctions

INVERTEBRATES

Question 7

Which statement does not accurately describes any information we discussed in class regarding tight junctions?

Answer 7

Tight junctions connect the plasma membrane of adjacent cells in a sheet, preventing small molecules from leaking between cells.

ARE NOT DIRECT PHYSICAL CONNECTION

Question 8

Which statement accurately describes any information we discussed in class regarding anchoring junctions?

Answer 8

Anchoring junctions attach cytoskeleton of 1 cell to the cytoskeleton of other cells to the extracellular matrix.

Question 9

_______________ are a type of anchoring junction that connect actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extracellular matrix. Fill in the blank.

Answer 9

Adheren

ACTIN

Question 10

_______________ are a type of anchoring junction that connect intermediate filaments of cytoskeletons of adjacent cells. Fill in the blank.

Answer 10

Desmosomes

INTERMEDIATE

Question 11

_______________ are a type of anchoring junction that anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane. Fill in the blank.

Answer 11

Hemidesmosomes

EPITHEL

Question 12

What is the definition of a communicating junction? (the name basically tells you the answer)

Answer 12

COMMUNICATING JUNCTIONS -

• CELLS COMMUNICATE WITH ADJACENT CELLS THROUGH DIRECT CONNECTIONS

Question 13

Gap junctions are a type of communicating junction. Which statement does not describe any information we discussed on gap junctions?

Answer 13

Gap junctions contain a central tubule that connect the nucleus of the two adjacent cells

Question 14

Plasmodesmata are a type of communicating junction. Which statement does not describe any information we discussed on plasmodesmata?

Answer 14

Plasmodesmata is very sticky, so nothing is breaking through.
central tubule connects ER (endoplasmic reticula) and PM (plasma membrane)

Question 15

Which statement does not describe the three main components of a phospholipid?

Answer 15

1. Glycerol
2. Fatty acid chain
3. Phosphate group

Question 16

According to the video Inside the Cell Membrane, what does it mean that a cell is semi-permeable?

Answer 16

The cell membrane is semi-permeable, meaning it lets some materials through but not others.

Question 17

According to the video Inside the Cell Membrane, the fluid mosaic model is a way to describe a cell membrane. The word “fluid” implies movement, and this is true for the cell membrane. How?

Answer 17

Phospholipids can move around in the cell membrane. The fluidity can also give the cell membrane flexibility.

Question 18

According to the video Inside the Cell Membrane, a phospholipid is amphiphilic. What does this mean?

Answer 18

The polar head of the phospholipid is hydrophilic meaning it loves water. The nonpolar tails are hydrophobic which means they hate water.

Question 19

According to the video Inside the Cell Membrane, why is cholesterol in your cell membrane critical?

Answer 19

Can either increase or decrease membrane fluidity depending on if the temperature is too high or too low

Question 20

According to the video Inside the Cell Membrane, proteins can also be found within a cell membrane. What are the names of the two types they mention in the video?

Answer 20

Integral proteins

• go through the membrane.

Peripheral proteins

• can sit on them.

Question 21

According to the video Inside the Cell Membrane, what are integral proteins used within the cell membrane?

Answer 21

Provide transport for all sorts of materials due to their ability to go through the membrane

PROVIDES TRANSPORT

Question 22

According to the video Inside the Cell Membrane, what are peripheral protein used for regarding the cell membrane?

Answer 22

They can act as enzymes and speed up reactions

ACT AS ENZYMES

Question 23

According to the video Inside the Cell Membrane, what can glycoproteins and glycolipids be used within (or on the outside) or a cell membrane?

Answer 23

Glycolipids and glycoproteins can be used to identify the cell as belonging to the organism

THINK “CELL IDENTITY” ID

• GLYCO = CELL ID