bio test Flashcards
What are two organelles involved in mitosis and how are they important to mitosis
centrioles make spindle fibres nuclear membrane holds chromatin dissolues so the chromosomes can separate
In relation to protein production, describe the relationship between the nucleus, ribosomes rough endoplasmic, and Golgi apparatus
nucleus contains DNA to build proteins
DNA is red by ribosomes which builds proteins
protein travels through ER to Golgi apparatus
packaged into vesicles 
What is the function of DNA?
Genetic code and how to make proteins
Describe the structure of DNA
It’s like a ladder, sugar and phosphate onto the sides bases
what is mutagen?
Anything that causes a mutation
List three things that are considered to be mutagens
Radiation chemicals, and viruses
what is the difference between a positive mutation and a neutral mutation?
Positive means the new protein created benefits. The organism with the mutation neutral means the change in code did not change the protein made so there is no effect.
What is the difference between chromatin chromosomes and chromatids?
all are made of DNA chromatin is DNA’s loose less coiled form that is in interface once DNA coil up in prophase each piece can be separately seen is called a chromatin at first chromosomes are made of two copied chromatids and each chromatids is one piece of DNA once they are separated each chromatid is considered its own chromosome
Why is it important that a cell copies of DNA before cell division?
so there is enough to go around, so each daughter cell ends up with the same number of chromosomes as the parent
What is the order of the cell cycle?
Interface prophase metaphase anaphase telophase, then cytokinesis
What is fragmentation?
A type of asexual reproduction, the cut pieces grows into new identical organisms
what is binary fission
A type of asexual reproduction. the DNA replicates and cell divides evenly into two cells
What is spore formation?
spores form release and are carried by air currents to new places to grow and divide 
what is the difference between meiosis | and meiosis ||
The similarity is they have the same steps in PMAT
The spindle fibre separate humungous pairs of chromosomes in meiosis one but separates sister chromosomes and meiosis two
Two cells are produced at end of meiosis one and four meiosis two
what is mitosis?
it’s basically when a cell divides into two identical cells. It’s important for making sure our body grows and repairs itself properly
