Bio Terms #5

Question 1

Transformation

Answer 1

Cell takes up foreign genetic material, resulting in stable change (exogenous)

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

Building blocks of DNA and RNA, nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group

Question 3

Semiconservative Model

Answer 3

DNA is duplicated to create 2 double stranded DNA’s then unwind to be a template for a new strand

Question 4

Replication Fork

Answer 4

Y shaped, DNA double helix splits into 2 stands for copying

Question 5

Helicase

Answer 5

Enzyme, separates DNA + RNA into sing strands by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs

Question 6

Topoisomerase

Answer 6

Enzyme, controls DNA by breaking and rejoining strands to remove supercoiling

Question 7

DNA Polymerase

Answer 7

Enzyme, DNA replication by catalyzing synthesis by adding nucleotides to existing DNA strand

Question 8

Primer

Answer 8

single-stranded nucleic acid sequence that acts as a starting point for DNA synthesis (foundation of DNA Polymerase)

Question 9

Leading Strand

Answer 9

strand that is synthesized continuously during DNA replication

Question 10

Lagging Strand

Answer 10

strand synthesized discontinuously in short fragments, opposite direction of replication fork

Question 11

Okazaki Fragments

Answer 11

short DNA sequences created when lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously

Question 12

Mismatch Repair

Answer 12

Corrects DNA errors (deletions, insertions, and mis-incorporated bases)

Question 13

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Answer 13

remove DNA lesions caused by UV lights environments and some cancer

Question 14

Telomeres

Answer 14

specialized region of repetitive DNA sequence located at end of chromosomes

Question 15

Heterochromatin

Answer 15

dense, found in centimeters and telomeres containing repetitive DNA sequence (transcriptional inactive)

Question 16

Euchromatin

Answer 16

Loosely packed complex of DNA and protein in the nucleus (transcriptional active)