bio terms

Question 1

Biological Anthropology:

Answer 1

The study of humans as biological organisms considered within an evolutionary network

Question 2

Empirical

Answer 2

based on knowledge gained through observation = Science

Question 3

Taxonomy:

Answer 3

The practice/science of biological classification
- Taxonomy works best when it reflects phylogeny.

Question 4

Phylogeny:

Answer 4

a hypothesis of evolutionary relationships

Question 5

Catastrophism:

Answer 5

Environmental catastrophes cause biological extinctions, which account for changes in fossil organisms

Question 6

Uniformitarianism

Answer 6

provided the time frame for the acceptance of organic change

Question 7

Phenotype:

Answer 7

the observable physical expression (i.e, appearance) of a trait

Question 8

Genotype:

Answer 8

the full set of genetic factors that interact in determining the phenotype
- 2 gene copies, one copy inherited from each parent

Question 9

Homozygous:

Answer 9

when two copies of the same genetic factor controlling a trait are present in an individual (true-breeding lines)

Question 10

Heterozygous

Answer 10

when two different genetic factors for a trait are present in an individual (=hybrid)

Question 11

Allele:

Answer 11

alternative versions of a gene

Question 12

Locus:

Answer 12

location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 13

Gene:

Answer 13

genetic material that encodes for the expression of a particular trait

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

formed mostly of RNA and function in protein synthesis

Question 15

Mitochondria:

Answer 15

functions in energy, production for the cell and its own

Question 16

Organelles:

Answer 16

sub-structures within the cell, each with specific functions

Question 17

Nucleus:

Answer 17

contains the genetic information
This is where DNA can be found
The cytoplasm (?) contains various organelles that are identifiable by their appearance

Question 18

Gene Pool

Answer 18

the sum of all alleles carried by the members of a population

Question 19

Evolution

Answer 19

a change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next.

Question 20

Genetic equilibrium

Answer 20

no changes in allele frequencies, i.e., no evolution is occurring in the population

Question 21

Microevolution:

Answer 21

Small changes occurring within a species, such as changes in allele frequencies.

Question 22

Macroevolution:

Answer 22

Large changes produced after many generations, such as the appearance of new species.

Question 23

Niche:

Answer 23

is how a species interacts with its environment, with other species in its community, and how it utilizes resources in its habitat

Question 24

Punctuated Equilibrium:

Answer 24

Evolutionary change proceeds through long periods of stasis punctuated by rapid periods of change.

Question 25

Gradualism:

Answer 25

volutionary change proceeds gradually through accumulated small- scale changes

Question 26

Taxon:

Answer 26

a group of organisms assigned to a particular level in the classification.

Question 27

Systematics:

Answer 27

the study of the diversity of life and the relationships at all levels in the hierarchy