Bio Study guide 2 (Test 5)

Question 1

According to the video Mitosis – The Amazing Cell Process that Uses Division to Multiply, during the cell cycle, ninety-percent of the time the cell is completing _________ and ten-percent of the time _____________. Fill in the blanks.

Answer 1

Mitosis, Interphase

Question 2

According to the video Mitosis – The Amazing Cell Process that Uses Division to Multiply, during interphase, you go from having 46 chromosomes and 46 chromatids to 46 chromosomes (still) and 92 chromatids. Why?

Answer 2

Because we count depending on how many centromeres are present so the centromeres duplicate making it 92. (46 x 2 = 92)

Question 3

During the stage of interphase, where do the microtubules begin to attach to on a sister chromatid?

Answer 3

Kinetochore: specific DNA sequence bound at the centromere

Question 4

During the stage of interphase, centrioles start to be produced. What is their general function once mitosis begins?

Answer 4

Centrioles: in animal cells specifically; after help to move the chromosomes to different poles (different parts of cell); barrel shaped

Question 5

What takes place for you to officially know that the stage of interphase has now turned into prophase of mitosis? (we discussed one main thing in class)

Answer 5

When the condensation of chromatin to chromosomes occurs (G2)

Question 6

Which statement does not describe what occurs during the prophase stage of mitosis? (know everything in detail we discussed on chapter ten slide nineteen)

Answer 6

Prophase overview: seeing the condensation of chromosomes forming from the chromatin; have now entered mitosis
Assembling the spindle apparatus
Spindle fibers (microtubules) and spindle apparatus: will finish forming; have to connect to chromosomes
Nuclear envelope: if you wanna get chromosomes out of nucleus, nuclear envelope will disintegrate
Aster formation: only applies to animal cell; formation of what centrioles look like in an animal cells; radial array of microtubules toward the plasma membrane
Plant cells: don’t use centrioles like us because cell wall is made of cellulose; no form of Aster formation
Linking sister chromatids to opposite poles
Microtubules and kinetochores: all kinetochore parts will also be connected to microtubules
The sister chromatid connection: its replicated sister

Question 7

What is a difference between the plant and animal prophase stage of mitosis (we discussed one main difference)?

Answer 7

Aster formation does not happen in plant cells.

Question 8

What takes place for you to officially know that the stage of prophase of mitosis has now turned into metaphase of mitosis?

Answer 8

When all of the chromosomes are lined up on the metaphase plate

Question 9

Which statement does not describe what occurs during the metaphase stage of mitosis? (know everything in detail we discussed on chapter ten slide twenty)

Answer 9

Anything that is not as follows does not describe what occurs during metaphase:
Metaphase overview: once chromosomes are moved and reach metaphase plate; does not last long
Metaphase plate: equator of the cell; single file lining up of all sister chromatids
Chromosomes
End of metaphase and the spindle

Question 10

What takes place for you to officially know that the stage of metaphase of mitosis has now turned into anaphase of mitosis?

Answer 10

Each chromosome’s sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 11

Which statement does not describe what occurs during the anaphase stage of mitosis? (know everything in detail we discussed on chapter ten slide twenty-one)

Answer 11

Anything that is not as follows does not describe anaphase:
Anaphase overview: chromosomes splitting from metaphase plate to either end
Starting point: the second chromosomes move from the equator
Sister chromatids pulled apart
Tubulin (a type of microtubule) subunits removed from kinetochores: slowly removing as they get closer to each end
Microtubules progressively disassembled: as they are reeled in you need less & less microtubules; disassembles because it will be used for other processes
Chromatids movement

Question 12

What takes place for you to officially know that the stage of anaphase of mitosis has now turned into telophase of mitosis?

Answer 12

finally moved both chromosomes completely to either end; indicator of telophase - you have separation, and would have 46 positively on each side

Question 13

Which statement does not describe what occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis? (know everything in detail we discussed on chapter ten slide twenty-two)

Answer 13

Telophase steps: finally moved both chromosomes completely to either end; still in one big cell
Cytoskeleton construction: parts of cytoskeleton will be disassembled and disappear
Kinetochores disappears: no longer need them on the sister chromatids (chromosomes)
Nuclear envelope formation: will begin to form around all DNA info. again
Chromosomes uncoil: chromosomes and chromatids are breaking down back into chromatin
Nucleolus reappears: reappears to make proteins based parts

Question 14

Which statement accurately describes the end product of mitosis?

Answer 14

The end product of mitosis is two daughter cells that are identical.

Question 15

Why do plant cells not use actin to separate their cells at the end of telophase (during cytokinesis)?

Answer 15

Actin filaments will not work: cellulose is infused on all the edges; cannot be pulled apart of actin because of cellulose

Question 16

How can cytokinesis (and mitosis in general) differ in fungi and protists compared to plant and animal cells (we discussed a few ways in class on the chapter ten slide twenty-four)

Answer 16

Cytokinesis in fungi and protists differ compared to plant and animal cells.

Nuclear Envelope doesn’t break down

In the Nucleus is where mitosis takes place

To complete it: you would have 2 nuclei sitting inside one cell —plasmogamy