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Review (Ultrasound) > Bio (review) > Flashcards

Bio (review) Flashcards

1
Q

Atom

A

The smallest whole unit of matter – composed of subatomic particles – protons and neutrons located in the nucleus

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2
Q

Where are electrons located?

A

In energy shells surrounding the nucleus

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3
Q

Element

A

Pure substance composed of all the same type of atoms

- eg) O2

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4
Q

Compound

A

Maude up of 2 or more atoms of different elements bounded together in a fixed ratio
- eg) H2O

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5
Q

How is a molecule formed?

A

When atoms join together

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6
Q

Could a molecule be either an element or a compound?

A

Both

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7
Q

Symbiosis

A

A situation in which 2 organisms live in close contact and at least one benefits

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8
Q

What are 3 types of symbiosis?

A
  1. Mutualism
  2. Parasitism
  3. Commensalism
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9
Q

Mutualism

A

A situation in which 2 organisms live in close contact and both benefit

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10
Q

Parasitism

A

A situation in which one organism lives in or on another organism and feeds on that organism (one benefits and one gets hurt)

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11
Q

Commensalism

A

A situation in which 2 organisms lives in close contact; one benefits and the other is not affected

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12
Q

What is an example of a parasitism?

A

Lice

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13
Q

What is an example of commensalism?

A

Ivy growing on a tree trunk

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14
Q

Invasive species

A

Species introduced by humans into new environments with unforeseen consequences

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15
Q

Monoculture

A

Crops grow in large fields containing a single kind of plant

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16
Q

Climate change

A

Large quantities of greenhouse gases produced and emitted that trap thermal energy in the atmosphere

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17
Q

Extirpation

A

Habitat loss and pollution which can lead to the loss of a species from a particular region – isolated habitat loss

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18
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jelly like fluid inside cell – surrounds organelles and contains a “soup” of important chemicals needed for cells processes

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19
Q

Vacuole

A

Membrane sacks – store food and water

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20
Q

Do plant cells have vacuoles?

A

Yes

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21
Q

What do vacuoles do in plant cells?

A

Maintains cell shape

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22
Q

Lysosome

A

Vacuole with digestive enzymes

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23
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

They break down food and is involved in apoptosis

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24
Q

Apoptosis

A

Cell death

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25
Q

Cell membrane

A

Membrane filled with proteins and enzymes

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26
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Control what goes in and what comes out of the cells, separates cell from external environment

27
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

System of tubes made from membranes

28
Q

What does the ER do?

A

Transports proteins and other material throughout the cell

29
Q

Ribosome

A

Very small structures made of DNA and protein

30
Q

Where are ribosomes normally found?

A

On the ER

31
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

They make proteins by “reading” the genetic code

32
Q

Golgi body

A

Membrane tubes in a bundle with buds of membrane coming off

33
Q

What does the golgi body do?

A

They sort, modify, package and ship proteins

34
Q

What organelle has a double membrane?

A

Mitochondria

35
Q

What does the mitochondria do? (2)

A
  1. It is the powerhouse of the cell. It produces energy from food such as sugars
  2. Performs cellular respiration
36
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Membrane around the nucleus that is very porous

37
Q

What does the nuclear membrane do? (2)

A
  1. It allows the genetic code to be communicated with the ribosomes
  2. Allows other materials in and out of the nucleus
38
Q

Nucleus

A

Circular structure inside membrane

39
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

Holds and protects chromatin

40
Q

Nucleolus

A

Circular structure inside the nucleus

41
Q

What does the nucleolus do?

A

Makes ribosomes

42
Q

What organelle is only found in animal cells?

A

Centrioles

43
Q

Centrioles

A

2 perpendicular bundles of tubes

44
Q

What are centrioles involved in?

A

Cell division

45
Q

What 2 organelles are only found in plant cells?

A
  1. Chloroplast

2. Cell wall

46
Q

Chloroplast

A

Oval shaped organelle filled with stacks of proteins

47
Q

Where is the main site of photosynthesis?

A

Chlorplast

48
Q

What does chloroplast do?

A

Makes sugars to fuel the mitochondria

49
Q

What does chlorophyll do?

A

Allows cells to trap suns energy for photosynthesis

50
Q

Cell wall

A

Thick, geometric tough/hard outer covering of the cell

51
Q

What are 2 functions of the cell wall?

A
  1. Maintains structure for the cell

2. Separates the cell from external environment

52
Q

What feature do flagellum/cilla have? What are they used for?

A
  1. Whip like tails

2. Used for locomotion

53
Q

Cell cycle

A

Entire period of a cells life

54
Q

What are the 4 stages of the cell cycle?

A
  1. Interphase
  2. G1
  3. G2
  4. Mitosis
55
Q

Unicellular

A

Organisms with one cell

56
Q

Multicellular

A

Organisms with more than one cell

57
Q

Micro-organism

A

And organism of microscopic/small size that can be seen using a microscope

58
Q

What are 2 examples of micro-organisms?

A
  1. Bacteria
    - eg) E. Coli
  2. Fungi
    - Yeast
59
Q

Hypothesis

A

A predicted, educated answer with a theoretical explanation to a testable question which the experiment attempts to answer

60
Q

What does the hypothesis state?

A

The relationship between the dependent and independent variables

61
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable which is manipulated

- should only be one

62
Q

Dependant variable

A

The measured variable

- responds to changes in the independant variable

63
Q

Controlled experiment

A

Experiment that involves only one independent variable and multiple controlled variables, and also involved a control group to serve as a basis for comparison

Review (Ultrasound) (6 decks)

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