Bio Quiz #2 Flashcards
The function of digestive system,
to break down complex molecules into nutrients the body can use. - It is essentially one long tube with 2 openings
- It is lined with epithelial tissue
- Also has layers of muscle and nerve tissue
Order of the digestive system
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. Helping them along the way are the pancreas, gall bladder and liver.
Name funtions of mouth, esphogaus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, appendix, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
Look at Study Notes
4 Stages of degestion
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
The function of circulatory system
The circulatory system has two main functions to complete for the organism to survive: Bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells in the body and remove waste and carbon dioxide away from the cells.
Three Componets of circulatory system
Blood, blood vessels, the heart
Plasma?
Water, proteins, micronutrients
Blood cells?
- red (erythrocytes)
- platelets (thrombocytes)
- white (leukocytes)
Each function of blood cells?
White blood cells help fight infection. Red blood cells carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide waste for elimination. Platelets help stop blood from flowing by forming clots.
What do blood vessels do?
transport blood from one place to another
What is diffusion and active transport
Diffusion and active transport gets good stuff into cells (eg. O2, glucose) and pulls bad stuff out (eg. CO2, waste, sodium)
Arteries? Veins? Capillaries?
- Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart
- Veins RETURN it back
- Capillaries CONNECT the arteries to veins.
Pulmonary Circuits
O2-poor blood goes to lungs to get oxygenated
Systemic circut
O2-rich blood delivers O2 and nutrients to body and becomes deoxygenated
What is the heart?
is a muscle that pumps blood through the blood vessels to transport the necessitated resources for cell function.
Three purposes of heart PK1
- Pump blood
- Keep O2-rich/O2-poor blood separated
- Keep blood flowing in 1 direction
Muscle, Nerve and epitheial tissue in the heart
Muscle Tissue - responsible for contracting when blood needs to be pumped throughout the body.
Nerve Tissue - The heart is told by the brain via nerve tissue when to pump.
Epithelial Tissue - prevents damage of nerve and muscle tissue and allows smooth blood flow inside the heart.
The function of respiratory system
The main function of the respiratory system is to bring O2 into the body and remove CO2 waste
Step by Step breathing
Step 1: When oxygen needs to be put into the lungs, the diaphragm pushes down, creating pressure difference between your lungs and the open air.
Step 2: Air rushes through to fill the void created by the increase in volume
.
Step 3: Once the exchange of oxygen with carbon dioxide has taken place, then the diaphragm pulls back up, creating higher pressure in the lungs than the open air, which forces out the air.
Air enters the nose and mouth. The nasal cavity traps particles and warms and moistens incoming air. Air then passes into the pharynx, then the larynx, then the trachea.
The trachea (windpipe) branches into two bronchi, each leading into a lung. Within the lungs each bronchus forms a network of bronchioles. They end at alveoli, where gas exchange takes place.
Inspiration vs Expiration
Inspiration moves air into the lungs, expiration moves air out
Inspiration = diaphragm muscles contract downwards, lungs expand/fill with air to fill space
Expiration = diaphragm muscles relax upwards, air is pushed out of lungs
Function of Musculosketal system
The musculoskeletal is the combination of the bones in the body and muscle system. This system supports the body, protects delicate organs and makes movement possible
Bones, Ligaments, Cartilage
- Bones
Consists of cells within a mineral (mostly Ca & P) matrix - Ligaments
Tough, elastic tissue made of collagen protein holding bones together - Cartilage
Dense but flexible support for bones and other tissues
Found in ear, nose, trachea, and discs between bones
Goals? SPA
1) Support - supports muscles and organs which allow proper function.
2) Protection - Protects vital organs and stem cells for RBC and WBC creation.
3) Anchorage - the skeleton acts as an anchor to allow movement via the muscles
Sprain vs Fracture
Sprain - a sprain is the result of a stretched or even torn ligament
Fracture - a fracture/break/crack is any interruption within the structure of the bone
Tendons?
Muscles consist of long bundles of long cells called muscle fibers
Muscle fibers contract to get shorter/thicker
Tendons = rigid strands that connect muscles to bone ends
Contracting muscles pull one or both bones together
Cartilage prevents bone-on-bone rubbing/damage
Three types of musle issue
Three types of muscle tissue:
1) Cardiac - found in the heart
2) Skeletal - most prevalent
3) Smooth - found in organs
