Bio Quiz #2

Question 1

The function of digestive system,

Answer 1

to break down complex molecules into nutrients the body can use. - It is essentially one long tube with 2 openings
- It is lined with epithelial tissue
- Also has layers of muscle and nerve tissue

Question 2

Order of the digestive system

Answer 2

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. Helping them along the way are the pancreas, gall bladder and liver.

Question 3

Name funtions of mouth, esphogaus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, appendix, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Answer 3

Look at Study Notes

Question 4

4 Stages of degestion

Answer 4

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

Question 5

The function of circulatory system

Answer 5

The circulatory system has two main functions to complete for the organism to survive: Bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells in the body and remove waste and carbon dioxide away from the cells.

Question 6

Three Componets of circulatory system

Answer 6

Blood, blood vessels, the heart

Question 7

Plasma?

Answer 7

Water, proteins, micronutrients

Question 8

Blood cells?

Answer 8

• red (erythrocytes)
• platelets (thrombocytes)
• white (leukocytes)

Question 9

Each function of blood cells?

Answer 9

White blood cells help fight infection. Red blood cells carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide waste for elimination. Platelets help stop blood from flowing by forming clots.

Question 10

What do blood vessels do?

Answer 10

transport blood from one place to another

Question 11

What is diffusion and active transport

Answer 11

Diffusion and active transport gets good stuff into cells (eg. O2, glucose) and pulls bad stuff out (eg. CO2, waste, sodium)

Question 12

Arteries? Veins? Capillaries?

Answer 12

• Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart
• Veins RETURN it back
• Capillaries CONNECT the arteries to veins.

Question 13

Pulmonary Circuits

Answer 13

O2-poor blood goes to lungs to get oxygenated

Question 14

Systemic circut

Answer 14

O2-rich blood delivers O2 and nutrients to body and becomes deoxygenated

Question 15

What is the heart?

Answer 15

is a muscle that pumps blood through the blood vessels to transport the necessitated resources for cell function.

Question 16

Three purposes of heart PK1

Answer 16

1. Pump blood
2. Keep O2-rich/O2-poor blood separated
3. Keep blood flowing in 1 direction

Question 17

Muscle, Nerve and epitheial tissue in the heart

Answer 17

Muscle Tissue - responsible for contracting when blood needs to be pumped throughout the body.
Nerve Tissue - The heart is told by the brain via nerve tissue when to pump.
Epithelial Tissue - prevents damage of nerve and muscle tissue and allows smooth blood flow inside the heart.

Question 18

The function of respiratory system

Answer 18

The main function of the respiratory system is to bring O2 into the body and remove CO2 waste

Question 19

Step by Step breathing

Answer 19

Step 1: When oxygen needs to be put into the lungs, the diaphragm pushes down, creating pressure difference between your lungs and the open air.

Step 2: Air rushes through to fill the void created by the increase in volume
.
Step 3: Once the exchange of oxygen with carbon dioxide has taken place, then the diaphragm pulls back up, creating higher pressure in the lungs than the open air, which forces out the air.

Air enters the nose and mouth. The nasal cavity traps particles and warms and moistens incoming air. Air then passes into the pharynx, then the larynx, then the trachea.

The trachea (windpipe) branches into two bronchi, each leading into a lung. Within the lungs each bronchus forms a network of bronchioles. They end at alveoli, where gas exchange takes place.

Question 20

Inspiration vs Expiration

Answer 20

Inspiration moves air into the lungs, expiration moves air out

Inspiration = diaphragm muscles contract downwards, lungs expand/fill with air to fill space
Expiration = diaphragm muscles relax upwards, air is pushed out of lungs

Question 21

Function of Musculosketal system

Answer 21

The musculoskeletal is the combination of the bones in the body and muscle system. This system supports the body, protects delicate organs and makes movement possible

Question 22

Bones, Ligaments, Cartilage

Answer 22

1. Bones
   – Consists of cells within a mineral (mostly Ca & P) matrix
2. Ligaments
   – Tough, elastic tissue made of collagen protein holding bones together
3. Cartilage
   – Dense but flexible support for bones and other tissues
   – Found in ear, nose, trachea, and discs between bones
   –

Question 23

Goals? SPA

Answer 23

1) Support - supports muscles and organs which allow proper function.
2) Protection - Protects vital organs and stem cells for RBC and WBC creation.
3) Anchorage - the skeleton acts as an anchor to allow movement via the muscles

Question 24

Sprain vs Fracture

Answer 24

ž Sprain - a sprain is the result of a stretched or even torn ligament
ž Fracture - a fracture/break/crack is any interruption within the structure of the bone

Question 25

Tendons?

Answer 25

Muscles consist of long bundles of long cells called muscle fibers
Muscle fibers contract to get shorter/thicker
Tendons = rigid strands that connect muscles to bone ends
ž Contracting muscles pull one or both bones together
ž Cartilage prevents bone-on-bone rubbing/damage

Question 26

Three types of musle issue

Answer 26

ž Three types of muscle tissue:
1) Cardiac - found in the heart
2) Skeletal - most prevalent
3) Smooth - found in organs