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Bio Quiz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell Theory

A
  1. All known living things are made up of one or more cells
  2. All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
  3. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms/ the cell is the basic building block of life
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2
Q

Characterises of Living Things

A
  1. Made of cells
  2. Need energy (food)
  3. Metabolize (break food down)
  4. Produce waste
  5. Reproduce
  6. Respond to changes around them
  7. Grow
  8. Have a lifespan
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3
Q

What Happens in the Cell Cycle?

A

G1- Cell growth
S- DNA replication
G2 - Preparation for Mitosis
look at notes

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4
Q

Why does cell division happen

A

growth, repair, reproduction

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5
Q

AMOCTOBSO:

A

Atoms, Molecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissue, Organs, Body System, and Organisms.

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6
Q

Types of Tissues

A
  1. Epithelial Tissue (sensory function ex: skin and the lining of the digestive system)
  2. Connective Tissue (supports and old various parts of the body together ex: cartilage, bone, fat, blood)
  3. Muscle Tissue (groups of cells that provides movement ex: heart, digestive track)
  4. Nervous Tissue (cells that allow communication between all body structures ex: brain, spinal cord)
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7
Q

what is cancer?

A

Cells have multiple genes that control when/how often they divide. If one of these genes is damaged (mutated) the cell can begin dividing at an uncontrolled rate.

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8
Q

Malignant

A

(cancerous)

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9
Q

Metastasis

A

when cancer cells break away from the original, primary tumour and create another secondary tumour elsewhere is the body.

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10
Q

Cancer diagnostics:

A

Biopsy, Endoscopy/colonoscopy, x-ray, CT/CAT scan, ultra sound, and MRI

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11
Q

Cancer Treatment

A

Chemotherapy, surgery, radation, targeted drugs.

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12
Q

Sugery Pro/Con

A

a) Surgery
 PRO: remove the cancerous tissue
 CON: difficult to guarantee complete removal

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13
Q

Chemotherapy Pro/Con

A

b) Chemotherapy
 PRO: Administer system-wide drug to slow/stop rapid cell division
 CON: inhibits/kills healthy cells that rapidly divide

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14
Q

Radiation Pro/Con

A

c) Radiation
 PRO: Blast tumour with deadly dose of radiation
 CON: kills healthy cells and/or exposes them to carcinogenic
radiation

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15
Q

Targeted Drugs

A

d) Targeted drugs
 Multiple modes of action possible:
 tag cancer cells so immune system attacks them
 penetrate cancer cells and inhibit division
 CON: new technology, unexplored consequences

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16
Q
  1. Totipotent stem cells
A

stems cells that can differentiate into ALL cell types

17
Q
  1. Pluripotent stem cells
A

stem cells that can differentiate into and ADULT cell

18
Q
  1. Multipotent stem cells
A

stem cells that can ONLY differentiate into related cell types (e.g., Blood, connective tissue)

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