BIO PSYC - BRAIN ANATOMY Flashcards
What is biological psychology?
Study primarily non-human brain/ behaviour relationships
What is psychophysiology
Study of physiology / behaviour relationships
What is psychopharmacology -
- Study of the effect of drugs on behaviour
What is neuropsychology
Use of psychological tests to assess functional consequences of the brain damage
What is comparative psychology?
Study of the effects of genetics & evolution on behaviour
What is biological psychology psychology?
- Study of influences of biological systems on behaviour
- primary focus on the central nervous system
- behaviour - anything involving action in response to a stimulus
- early controversy centred around mind/ body problem
What is the approach biological psychologists use?
Reductionist approach
-the belief that human behaviour can be explained by breaking it down into simpler component parts.
Who hypothesized phrenology?
Francis Gall 1758-1828
It was the study of the cranium and was believed to be an indication of character
What two parts is the nervous system broken up into?
- Central Nervous System (spinal cord and brain)
- Peripheral Nervous System (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system)
Locate the anatomical terms for direction:
1. Medial
2. Lateral
- Centre
- Edge
Locate anatomical terms for direction:
1. Dorsal (superior)
2. Ventral (inferior)
3. Rostral (anterior)
4. Caudal (posterior)
- Upper section of brain (closest to top of the head)
- The lower section of the brain (closest to the neck)
- frontal section of the brain (closest to the face)
- Rear section of the brain (closest to the back of the head)
List 3 brain sections and where they are:
- Coronal : plane passing through two ears (splits head from face to back)
- sagittal : plane passing through nose and bump on the back of the head (Splits the eyes side to side)
- Horizontal : parallel to the floor when standing, looking from top
What is the hindbrain and its function?
Its the posterior part of the brain; includes medulla, Pons and cerebellum
- maintaining balance, equilibrium, movement coordination, conduction of sensory information, control of automatic functions
What is the midbrain and its function?
Its the smallest section of the brain
- acts as a relay station of auditory and visual information
Major structures include: tectum, tegmentum, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus
What is the forebrain and its function?
- has two hemispheres
1. includes the thalamus which lies under the cerebral cortex and is the relay station
2. The hypothalamus regulates feeding, drinking, temperature and sexual behaviour
3. The Basal Ganglia is a group of subcortical structures. involved in movement, learning and remembering how to do things, attention
4. The hippocampus: sea horse shaped structure between thalamus and cerebral cortex. functions memory and forming associations
What is the cerebral cortex?
- layer of gray mater covering the entire surface of cerebral hemisphere
- accommodates enormous number of neurons
- Gyri and sulci also increase surface area
- laminar organization also accommodates enormous number of neurons
List 10 types of neurons in cerebral cortex:
- pyramidal cell
- fusiform cell
- Grandular cell
- basket cell
- double bouquet cell
- chandlier cell
- neurogliform cell
- horizontal cell of Cajal
- cells of Martinotti
- axon
List 6 lobes
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobes
- temporal lobes
- occipital lobes
- cerebellum
- brain stem
What is the frontal lobe?
- contains the primary motor cortex (fine movements) and the prefrontal cortex (higher order cognitive functions)
What is executive function and list some types
Smith & Jonides, 1999
2 types of actions: Automatic Actions (stimulus driven)
Controlled actions (Internally goal directed)
- “attention and inhibition”
- “task management”
- “planning”
- “coding”
What is the Parietal lobe?
- Lies between the occipital lobe and the central sulcus
- polymodal association
- lesion in this area may lead to disturbance in voluntary movements (superior lobule)
- lesion typically leads to visuo- spatial functioning, temporal sequencing problems
What is the occipital lobe?
- receives visual information
- primary visual area is also called striate area
- damage to visual area can lead to cortical blindness
What is the temporal lobe?
- primary cortical target for auditory information
- thought is also associated with perception of movement and face recognition
- involved with learning and memory
What is the functional localization of Cerebral cortex for
1. sensory area
2. motor area
3. association area
- sensory area:
primary sensory area
secondary sensory area - Motor area
primary motor area
secondary motor area
supplementary motor area - association area
parietal, occipital and temporal cortex
-conceptual elaboration of sensory data prefrontal cortex
- judgement, foresight
