BIO PSYC - BRAIN ANATOMY

Question 1

What is biological psychology?

Answer 1

Study primarily non-human brain/ behaviour relationships

Question 2

What is psychophysiology

Answer 2

Study of physiology / behaviour relationships

Question 3

What is psychopharmacology -

Answer 3

• Study of the effect of drugs on behaviour

Question 4

What is neuropsychology

Answer 4

Use of psychological tests to assess functional consequences of the brain damage

Question 5

What is comparative psychology?

Answer 5

Study of the effects of genetics & evolution on behaviour

Question 6

What is biological psychology psychology?

Answer 6

• Study of influences of biological systems on behaviour
• primary focus on the central nervous system
• behaviour - anything involving action in response to a stimulus
• early controversy centred around mind/ body problem

Question 7

What is the approach biological psychologists use?

Answer 7

Reductionist approach
-the belief that human behaviour can be explained by breaking it down into simpler component parts.

Question 8

Who hypothesized phrenology?

Answer 8

Francis Gall 1758-1828
It was the study of the cranium and was believed to be an indication of character

Question 9

What two parts is the nervous system broken up into?

Answer 9

• Central Nervous System (spinal cord and brain)
• Peripheral Nervous System (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system)

Question 10

Locate the anatomical terms for direction:
1. Medial
2. Lateral

Answer 10

1. Centre
2. Edge

Question 11

Locate anatomical terms for direction:
1. Dorsal (superior)
2. Ventral (inferior)
3. Rostral (anterior)
4. Caudal (posterior)

Answer 11

1. Upper section of brain (closest to top of the head)
2. The lower section of the brain (closest to the neck)
3. frontal section of the brain (closest to the face)
4. Rear section of the brain (closest to the back of the head)

Question 12

List 3 brain sections and where they are:

Answer 12

1. Coronal : plane passing through two ears (splits head from face to back)
2. sagittal : plane passing through nose and bump on the back of the head (Splits the eyes side to side)
3. Horizontal : parallel to the floor when standing, looking from top

Question 13

What is the hindbrain and its function?

Answer 13

Its the posterior part of the brain; includes medulla, Pons and cerebellum
- maintaining balance, equilibrium, movement coordination, conduction of sensory information, control of automatic functions

Question 14

What is the midbrain and its function?

Answer 14

Its the smallest section of the brain
- acts as a relay station of auditory and visual information
Major structures include: tectum, tegmentum, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus

Question 15

What is the forebrain and its function?

Answer 15

• has two hemispheres
  1. includes the thalamus which lies under the cerebral cortex and is the relay station
  2. The hypothalamus regulates feeding, drinking, temperature and sexual behaviour
  3. The Basal Ganglia is a group of subcortical structures. involved in movement, learning and remembering how to do things, attention
  4. The hippocampus: sea horse shaped structure between thalamus and cerebral cortex. functions memory and forming associations

Question 16

What is the cerebral cortex?

Answer 16

• layer of gray mater covering the entire surface of cerebral hemisphere
• accommodates enormous number of neurons
• Gyri and sulci also increase surface area
• laminar organization also accommodates enormous number of neurons

Question 17

List 10 types of neurons in cerebral cortex:

Answer 17

1. pyramidal cell
2. fusiform cell
3. Grandular cell
4. basket cell
5. double bouquet cell
6. chandlier cell
7. neurogliform cell
8. horizontal cell of Cajal
9. cells of Martinotti
10. axon

Question 18

List 6 lobes

Answer 18

1. frontal lobe
2. parietal lobes
3. temporal lobes
4. occipital lobes
5. cerebellum
6. brain stem

Question 19

What is the frontal lobe?

Answer 19

• contains the primary motor cortex (fine movements) and the prefrontal cortex (higher order cognitive functions)

Question 20

What is executive function and list some types
Smith & Jonides, 1999

Answer 20

2 types of actions: Automatic Actions (stimulus driven)
Controlled actions (Internally goal directed)
- “attention and inhibition”
- “task management”
- “planning”
- “coding”

Question 21

What is the Parietal lobe?

Answer 21

• Lies between the occipital lobe and the central sulcus
• polymodal association
• lesion in this area may lead to disturbance in voluntary movements (superior lobule)
• lesion typically leads to visuo- spatial functioning, temporal sequencing problems

Question 22

What is the occipital lobe?

Answer 22

• receives visual information
• primary visual area is also called striate area
• damage to visual area can lead to cortical blindness

Question 23

What is the temporal lobe?

Answer 23

• primary cortical target for auditory information
• thought is also associated with perception of movement and face recognition
• involved with learning and memory

Question 24

What is the functional localization of Cerebral cortex for
1. sensory area
2. motor area
3. association area

Answer 24

1. sensory area:
   primary sensory area
   secondary sensory area
2. Motor area
   primary motor area
   secondary motor area
   supplementary motor area
3. association area
   parietal, occipital and temporal cortex
   -conceptual elaboration of sensory data prefrontal cortex
   - judgement, foresight