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A a PPQ reflection flashcards > Bio P2 > Flashcards

Bio P2 Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme does Lac Z code for

A

Lactase
(B- Galactosidase)

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2
Q

What enzyme does Lac Y code for

A

Lactose permease

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3
Q

What enzyme does Lac A code for?

A

Lactose transacetylase

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4
Q

If shown deformed organism in exam Q e.g. double headed cow- What is explanation?

A

Perhaps Hox/ homeobox genes of organism have been mutated.

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5
Q

Describe the steps in exctracting DNA

A

sample ground up using pestle and mortar.
sample mixed with detergent
salt is added
protease is added
ice cold ethanol is added down the side of the test tube

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6
Q

(DNA Extraction) Why is sample ground up

A

To break down cell walls

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7
Q

(DNA extraction) Why is detergent added?

A

To break down cell membranes, releasing contents of cell.

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8
Q

(DNA Extraction) Why is salt added?

A

To make the DNA less soluble in water by neutralising charge of phosphate

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9
Q

(DNA extraction) Why is protease added?

A

To break down proteins associated with DNA (e.g. histones)

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10
Q

(DNA extraction) Why is ethanol added?

A

Causes a precipitate to form which can be extracted.

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11
Q

What is a sparger?

A

A device that introduces a gas to a liquid

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12
Q

What are the conditions that must be present for speciation to occur?

A
  • Selection pressure are different from the other population
  • Time
  • Natural selection
  • Mutation/ genetic diversity
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13
Q

Are disulfide bonds involved in the secondary structure of a protein?

A

NO

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14
Q

Why is it important that the technique used for culturing microorganisms be aseptic?

A
  • To prevent contamination
  • To prevent growth of unwanted MO
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15
Q

Precautions that should be taken when preparing a bacterial culture in order to ensure procedure it aseptic (Broth)

A
  • Stopper flask (e.g. with cotton wool)
  • Use sterile broth
  • Disinfect surfaces
  • Have bunsen flame nearby to create upward air flow.
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16
Q

Why (graph or bacterial growth) Is logarithmic scale used for y axis?

A

Differences would be too big to represent on paper

17
Q

How can a graph show that a factor is influenced by environmental factors

A
  • If it is bell shaped/ normal distribution
  • Continuous data/variation
18
Q

Why may a cooling system be necessary in a fermenter?

A
  • Fermentation is exothermic
  • Increased temperature may denature enzymes
  • Cooling inhibits growth of pathogenic bacteria.
19
Q

Methoss of determining the conc of protein in a solution

A
  • Use colorimeter, compare to calibration curve of known concs
  • Biosensor
20
Q

What digests cell contents during apoptosis?

A

Enzymes

21
Q

What removes the products of apoptosis?

A

Phagocytes

A a PPQ reflection flashcards (5 decks)

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