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A a PPQ reflection flashcards > Bio P1 > Flashcards

Bio P1 Flashcards

1
Q

What do accessory pigments do in photosynthesis?

A

They pass energy to primary ones.

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2
Q

What are the two types of potometer?

A
  1. Measures mass lost
  2. Measures how far bubble moves along tube
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3
Q

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

A

Intermembrane space and inner membrane (cristae)

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4
Q

What are the properties of cellulose?

A
  1. High tensile strength
  2. Unreactive
  3. Flexible
  4. Forms H bonds with neighbouring chains
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5
Q

Why might bronchiole diameter be reduced?

A
  • Contraction of smooth muscle
  • Inflammation
  • Excess mucus production
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6
Q

Structure of Cholesterol

A

4 Hydrocarbon rings, Hydrocarbon chain on one end and OH group on the other.
NO FATTY ACID TAIL

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7
Q

What did scientists originally think light did to auxin?

A

Scientists used to think that Light destroyed auxin

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8
Q

Reasons why something is classed as a plant hormone?

A
  1. Chemical messenger
  2. Produced in one part, active elsewhere
  3. Evokes a change in TARGET cells
  4. Causes long lasting change
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9
Q

Similarities been circulatory systems of mammals and fish

A
  • Both Closed systems
  • Both involve arteries, capillaries, veins
  • Both have a heart.
  • Both carry O2 using Hb
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10
Q

Differences of circulatory systems of mammals and fish

A
  • Mammals double, fish single
  • Mammals 4 heart chambers, fish have 2
  • blood pumped at higher pressure in mammals
  • Mammals more efficient
  • Mammals- 1 set of capil. per pump, fish-2
  • Mammals have higher metabolic demand
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11
Q

How is it possible for Acetylcholine to have an effect on skin cells

A
  • Secreted into blood
  • Binds to receptors on CSM
  • Evokes action of secondary messenger.
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12
Q

Where are Adrenaline and Noradrenaline produced

A

Adrenal medulla

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13
Q

Function of adrenaline

A
  • Increases HR
  • Raises Blood Gluc. levels
    (Glycogen –> Glucose)
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14
Q

Function of Noradrenaline

A
  • Increased HR
  • Widening pupils
  • Widening lung air passages
  • Narrowing of blood vessels (Non essential organs). –> High BP
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15
Q

Features of ECTOPIC ECG

A

Extra Beat, outside of normal rhythm followed by a longer than normal pause before next beat

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16
Q

Features of Atrial fibrillation eCG

A

Atria and ventricles out of sync:
Rapid atrial contractions, only some passed onto ventricles.
(Many small peaks between each large peak)

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17
Q

Commercial uses of auxins

A
  • Rooting powders- especially in micropropagation
  • Weedkillers
  • Used in production of seedless fruit.
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18
Q

Commercal uses of Ethene

A
  • Used in the control of ripening
  • used to promote fruit dropping
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19
Q

Commercial use of cytokinins

A

Prevent ageng of ripened fruit and lettuce
Micropropagation to control tissue development

20
Q

Commercial use of Gibberellins

A
  • Delay ripening and egeing in fruit
  • Improve size and shape of fruits
  • In Beer brewing to speed up malting
21
Q

How do erythrocytes respire and why?

A

Anaerobically- because they do not contain mitochondria

22
Q

What are the holes in xylem vessels?

A

Bordered pits: found in unlignified regions.
Allow lateral flow of water- useful e.g. if air bubble forms.

23
Q

Which muscle type has slow contraction speed?

A

Smooth muscle

24
Q

Which muscle type is multinucleate?

A

Skeletal muscle

25
Q

Which muscle type has branched and interconnected fibres?

A

Cardiac muscle

26
Q

Which muscle type is under conscious control

A

Skeletal muscle

27
Q

What are the different sources of ATP during muscle contraction

A
  1. Anaerobic respiration
  2. Aerobic respiration
  3. Creatine phosphate
28
Q

Role of glucocorticoids e.g. corticosterone and cortisol

A
  • Regulate the metabolism of carbs
  • Regulate BP
  • Regulate immune response
29
Q

What are the risks of using adult stem cells?

A
  • They may have accumulated mutations.
  • They may increase cancer risk
30
Q

What is the concentration between blood and water during countercurrent exchange in fish gills

A

Constant concentration gradient maintained between blood and water.

31
Q

What is a limiting factor?

A

A factor that limits the rate of reaction when it is at low level

32
Q

What is a sign that data may contain random error?

A

Large error bars/ high standard deviation

33
Q

Is the Na+/K+ pump still operating during depolarisation?

A

Yes

34
Q

Do somatic and parasympathetic motor neurones use different neurotransmitters?

A

No

35
Q

What is the purpose of an unpaired t-test?

A

It is used to compare the **means **of two samples that are independent of each other. (whether or not the difference in mean is significant)

36
Q

What can be concluded from a t test result of p< 0.001

A
  • Probability < 0.001
  • So differences between means were due to chance
37
Q

How do you calculate degrees of freedom in a t test?

A

degrees of freedom =
(n1-1)+(n2-1)

38
Q

How are sinusoid wall cells adapted for their function?

A
  • Thin cells, so short diffusion distance
  • Many fenestrations (pores) which increases permeability
39
Q

What is the final electron acceptor in the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis?

A

NADP

40
Q

Suggest and explain function of DCPIP in hill reaction

A
  1. It replaces NADP
  2. It acts as the final electron acceptor
  3. It allows photolysis to continue
41
Q

In hill reaction, boiling test tube means there is no colour change, what does this show?

A

Shows that proteins/enzymes are needed for the light dependent stage

42
Q

In hill reaction, why is pellet suspended in buffer solution?

A

To maintain optimum pH for proteins/enzymes

43
Q

In Hill reaaction, why was the pellet not suspended in solution containing sucrose?

A

No need to prevent damage to chloroplasts

44
Q

Practical precautions when using potometer

A
  1. Do not allow air to enter cut shoot- ensure continuous stream of water
  2. Keep temperature constant- affects rate of tranpiration
  3. Keep screw clip closed- prevents entry of water whilst measuring
45
Q

What is the light compensation point?

A

The point at which photosynthesis and respiration are taking place at the same rate.

A a PPQ reflection flashcards (5 decks)

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