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BMSc > Bio mechanics module 1 - sem1 > Flashcards

Bio mechanics module 1 - sem1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are SI units

A

internationally agreed standard units of measurement

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2
Q

examples of SI units

A

metre (m)
second (s)
kilogram (kg)
kelvin K

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3
Q

what are derived units

A

formed by combining base units
e.g. newton for force

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4
Q

example of a supplementary unit

A

rad, for radian

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5
Q

how to convert radian to degree

A

radian x (180/pi)

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6
Q

how to convert degree to radian

A

degree x (pi/180)

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7
Q

how to convert from celcius to kelvin

A

add 273

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8
Q

what is the origin

A

where all axes cross (0,0,0)

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9
Q

name the 3 planes

A

sagittal
coronal
transverse

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10
Q

what is a plane

A

a flat, 2 dimensional surface

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11
Q

what is a vector quantity

A

has both magnitude and direction

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12
Q

what is a scalar quality

A

only has magnitude (size)

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13
Q

examples of vector quantities

A

displacement, velocity, acceleration, force

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14
Q

example of scalar qualities

A

speed, distance, time, mass

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15
Q

what effects will a force have on an object

A

change the position
deform the shape

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16
Q

what is static equilibrium

A

An object with static equilibrium is said to have no resultant force (or moment) acting on it and is said to be in static equilibrium.

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17
Q

what is the condition of static equilibrium

A

The first condition of static equilibrium is that the sum of all the external forces (F) acting on an object is zero.

18
Q

what is newtons third law

A

to every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

19
Q

what is an external force

A

force acting on a body from outside it

20
Q

examples of external forces

A

gravity, friction , reaction forces

21
Q

what is mass

A

the quantity of matter which a body is composed of

22
Q

what is weight

A

the force of gravity acting on a body
W = mg

23
Q

what is density

A

The density of a material is equal to the mass per unit volume

24
Q

does density remain constant or vary proportionately

A

remains constant

25
Q

units of density

A

kg m-3

26
Q

what is gravity

A

acceleration due to the gravitational attraction between two bodies
results in weight

27
Q

what is the centre of mass

A

point where all the mass of an object can be presumed to act

28
Q

rule for centre of gravity

A

can only exist inside a gravitational field

29
Q

what is pressure

A

force exerted per unit area
pressure = force / area

30
Q

SI unit for pressure

A

pascal, Pa

31
Q

what is a moment

A

the tendency of a force to produce rotation about an axis

32
Q

formula for moment

A

M = Fd
distance / radius

33
Q

what is a lever

A

rigid bar pivoting around a fulcrum
consists of effort force and resistance force

34
Q

calculation for mechanical advantage

A

effort arm / resistance arm

35
Q

what is a mechanical advantage

A

> 1, resistance arm > effort arm

36
Q

what is a mechanical disadvantage

A

<1 , effort arm > resistance arm

37
Q

describe a first class lever system

A

fulcrum is located inbetween the effort arm and resistance arm
works at either mechanical advantage or disadvantage
e.g. see-saw

38
Q

describe a second class lever system

A

resistance arm is located inbetween the fulcrum and effort arm
always works at mechanical advantage
e,g. wheelbarrow

39
Q

describe a third class lever system

A

effort arm is located inbetween the fulcrum and the resistance arm
always works at a mechanical disadvantage
e.g. tweezers

40
Q

why does the musculoskeletal system mostly work at a mechanical disadvantage

A

the forces produced by the muscles are greater than the forces resisting them
This is because the muscles insertion points tend to be closer to the fulcrum than the resistance force.

BMSc (4 decks)

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