Bio Lab #2 Flashcards
Prognathism
The extent to which the face and jaws protrude forward when viewed from the side
-Apes have more because larger teeth and jaws
Brow Ridge
Mass of bone over the eye sockets, supports the upper facial skeleton against forces produced from chewing
- Prominent in apes
- More internalized in humans
Sagittal Crest
Thin ridge of bone atop and down the middle of the braincase
- Associated with small braincase and powerful jaws
- In apes, its an attachment site for the large temproalis muscle used for chewing
Foreman Magnum
Large opening at base of skull where the spinal cord passes
- Posture
- Humans stand erect and walk with head directly over
- Apes hold heads forward, magnum towards rear
Canine Diastema
The gap in the teeth between the canines
- This allows the teeth to completely bite together in non human primates
Paranthropus boisei
-Age 1.8 million years
-Massive teeth
“Zinj”
Homo erectus
- Less than 1 million years
- Differs from humans
Mastoid Processes
Smaller in women than men
Homologous Structures
Common structures in different animals but may have different functions
Molecular Clock Theory
The number of amino acids changes between organisms is proportional to the length of time since two organisms began evolving separately from a common ancestor
Cytochrome c
A carrier of electrons in the electron transport chain found in mitochondria and chloroplasts
Protein similarities
The more precipitate that forms, the more closely related these animals are to humans
What do DNA mutations have to do with amino acid changes in protein?
Genes in DNA encode the sequences of amino acids in proteins
Fossil
Preserved evidence of life
Common descent
Group of organisms share common ancestor
