Bio H: Variation (PAPER 2)

Question 1

Evolution (GENIE)

Answer 1

Genetic variation - All organisms in a population are different
Environmental change - difference in characteristics due to the environment
Natural selection - The best adapted organisms in the changed environment are most likely to survive.
Inheritance - Organisms that survive are more likely to reproduce and pass on alleles to the next generation
Evolution - This continues to happen over millions of years until a new species comes about - two organisms are no longer able to produce an offspring

Question 2

Formation of fossils

Answer 2

1. ) Animal died and is buried beneath layers of sediment
2. ) Soft tissue is broken down and decomposes by bacteria
3. ) More sediment builds on organisms remains to turn into rock, increasing pressure and removing water in bones 🦴.
4. ) Minerals replace bones to form a fossil.

Question 3

Bacterial resistance

Answer 3

Resistant and susceptible bacteria created by a mutation.
Susceptible bacteria killed by antibiotics.
Weak bacteria cells die leaving the resistant bacteria cells.
Resistant bacteria reproduces by binary fission.
Overtime, only resistant bacteria left as they pass on alleles for resistance.

Question 4

Genetic engineering

Answer 4

Human cell contains normal insulin gene.
Insulin genes cut out of DNA by restriction enzymes that cut at recognition sites to expose bases.
Bacteria cell contains plasmid.
Plasmid DNA cut using restriction enzymes to create complimentary base pairs.
Insulin gene inserted into plasmid DNA by ligase.
Genetically modified plasma inserted back into bacterial cell.
Bacteria divides by binary fission to make more identical bacteria cells.

Question 5

Linnaeus grouping of physical characteristics:

Answer 5

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order 
Family
Genus
Species

Question 6

5 Kingdoms

Answer 6

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protist
Prokaryotes

Question 7

3 Domains

Answer 7

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes

Question 8

What is the Binomial Naming System made up of?

Answer 8

Genus and Species