Bio Final :v Flashcards
What is the route of sperm through male reproductive structures
Seminiferous tubules, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and penis
Name the three male accessory glands and what each produces
Seminal vesicles (secrets fructose, and produces/secrets most of the seminal
fluid), prostate gland (secrets watery alkaline fluid to raise pH levels), and
bulbourethral gland (secrets lubricating mucus and cleanses urethra)
Name the three layers of the uterus and their functions
Endometrium (supports egg fertilization, part of it sloughs off during menstrual
flow), myometrium (smooth muscle that expands during pregnancy and constricts
during labor), and cervix (he narrow opening in the lower part of the uterus that
permits sperm to enter the uterus and allows the fetus to exit during birth)
sperms are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Testosterone is
produced by interstitial cells in the testes
Name the two linked cycles in the menstrual cycle and what occurs in each
Ovarian cycle (Series of changes in ovaries associated with oocyte maturation
that are controlled by FSH and LH), and Uterine cycle (Changes in the
endometrial lining of the uterus that are controlled by estrogen and
progesterone)
Name the two major phases of the cell cycle
Interphase and mitosis
How does mitosis differ from meiosis
Mitosis generates new diploid cells (cell has two sets of chromosomes, one from
the mother and one from the father) while meiosis generates haploid gametes
(cell has only one set of chromosomes)
Name the four phases of the uterine cycle
Menstrual phase, Proliferative cycle, Ovulation, Secretory phase
What is the central dogma of biology
- DNA code converted to RNA code
- RNA code is read by ribosome to produce protein
- Protein carries out specific function
Sertoli Cell: Sertoli cells are the somatic cells of the testis that are essential for testis
formation and spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells facilitate the progression of germ cells to
spermatozoa via direct contact and by controlling the environment milieu within the seminiferous
tubules.
2). Scrotum: this is a loose bag of skin that hangs outside the body, behind the penis. It holds
the testes in place
3). Function of testerone: Testosterone is a sex hormone that plays important roles in the body.
In men, it’s thought to regulate sex drive (libido), bone mass, fat distribution, muscle mass and
strength, and the production of red blood cells and sperm
4). Follicle: The follicle plays a major role in the dual function of the ovary–oocyte maturation
and release and steroidogenesis required for regulating its own growth and providing the proper
environment in reproductive organs for the transport of gametes and nidation
5). Interphase: the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the
first and second divisions of meiosis.
6). Cytokinesis: the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about
the separation into two daughter cells.
7). 4 phases of mitosis:These phases are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase.
8) chromosome: a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most
living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
9). Gene: The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child. Genes are made up of
sequences of DNA and are arranged, one after another, at specific locations on chromosomes
in the nucleus of cells.
10). Transcription: the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA. This
RNA copy, called messenger RNA (mRNA), carries the genetic information needed to make
proteins in a cell.
11) mutation: Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell. Mutations may be caused by mistakes
during cell division, or they may be caused by exposure to DNA-damaging agents in the
environment. Mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or have no effect.
12). Haploid vs diploid: Haploid refers to the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an
organism’s cells. Sexually reproducing organisms are diploid (having two sets of chromosomes,
one from each parent). In humans, only the egg and sperm cells are haploid
Syphillis (treponema pallidum)
Treated by penicillin
Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae )
Treated by antibiotic
Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis)
Treated by Antibiotics
Genital Wart (Human Papillomavirus)
Vaccine to prevent cervical cancer
Genital Herpes (Herpes Simplex Virus)
No cure
