Bio FINAL Flashcards
Amino groups make organic molecules (pH)
more basic/ less acidic
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
a) mitochondrion
b) ribosome
c) nuclear envelope
d) chloroplast
e) thylakoid
ribosomes
Of the following, which cell structure would most likely be visible with a light microscope?
a) mitochondrion
b) lysosome
c) ribosome
d) largest messenger RNA molecule
e) nuclear pore
Mitochondrion
Major purpose of transfer RNA
function in the synthesis of proteins
Do bacterial cells and plant cells both have mitochondria?
No only plant cells. Bacterial cells do not have mitochondria.
Coenzymes
Small molecules that can help enzymes function.
When a membrane is freeze-fractured, the bilayer splits down the middle between the two layers of phospholipids. In an electron micrograph of a freeze-fractured membrane, the bumps seen on the fractured surface of the membrane are
integral proteins
turgor
the state of turgidity and resulting rigidity of cells (or tissues), typically due to the absorption of fluid.
hypotonic solution
generally refers to a solution that has less solute and more water than another solution.
hypertonic solution
one where the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.
In fermentation
Pyruvate is converted to lactate and ethanol. NADH to NAD+
Most of the energy that enters electron transport enters as
FADH2 and
NADH.
The energy released during oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is high and can produce many molecules of NADH. Why then are only few molecules of NADH made during glycolysis when it appears that many more could be formed?
Most of the free energy available from the oxidation of glucose remains in pyruvate, one of the products of glycolysis.
Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from what?
oxidative phosphorylation
Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located in mitochondria?
mitochondrial outer membrane
