BIO-FEEDBACK/NEUROTRANSMITTERS/PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Question 1

BIO-FEEDBACK/PROCESS/STEPS

Answer 1

• A patient is given real-time information about their AUTONOMIC responses
• Also woven real time information about how to control these responses by psychological means.

STEPS: x 4

• Teaching the patient relaxation strategies
• Attaching the patient to a biofeedback machine. This will show their blood pressure and heart rate. Ensuring that they are in a clam state.
• The patient is able to use these strategies that they have been taught while watching the read out.
• after mastering the technique of controlling the responses, they are able to use these strategies/techniques in the real world. (Controlling their stress levels)

Question 2

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Answer 2

• Chemicals that cross the synapse (synaptic gap) to the post-synaptic dendrite of the next neuron.
• Attaching to the receptor sites (THE LOCK)
• Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles in the terminal buttons

Question 3

LOCK AND KEY PROCESS x 3 STEPS

Answer 3

LOCK = Receptor sites
KEY = Neurotransmitters
PROCESS:
- Neurotransmitters (The key) cross the synaptic gap in the hopes of binding to a receptor site (The lock) of the post synaptic neuron.
- A neurotransmitter will only attach/binds itself to the lock if the receptor site has the correct shape or similar features or patterns of the key.
- When a neurotransmitter successfully binds itself to a receptor site, it increases the likelihood for an action potential to occur, thereby influencing neural activity to the next neuron.

Question 4

VESICLES

Answer 4

• Located in terminal buttons

- Contains neurotransmitters

Question 5

NEUROTRANSMITTERS X 2

Answer 5

• Excitatory neurotransmitter: i.e. Glutamate, and DOPAMINE

- Inhibitory neurotransmitter: i.e. GABA

Question 6

GLUTAMATE

Answer 6

• An EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTER
• Receptor site: AMPA
• Role: Cognition, learning, movement, memory
• Caffeine

Question 7

GABA

Answer 7

• An INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTER
• Inhibits signals
• Receptor site: GABAa…
• Role: Calms/slows neurotransmission
• Alcohol/drugs

Question 8

PARKINSON’S DISEASE/DOPAMINE (EFFECTS)

Answer 8

• Neurodegenerative disease
• Result: loss of dopamine (produced and located in the substantial nigra)

DOPAMINE:
- It is an excitatory neurotransmitter
- Produced in the substantia nigra
- Involved in smooth skeletal muscles and coordination of voluntary movements.
EFFECTS: Tremors, rigidity/stiffness of muscles, slowness of movements (BRADYKINESIA)

Question 9

DEFINITION: BRADYKINESIA

Answer 9

• The slowness of movement (muscle movements)

Question 10

MANAGING PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Answer 10

L-Dopa:

• Widely used treatment
• Converted to dopamine in the brain.

Dopamine Agonists:

• A type of drug
• STIMULATE dopamine receptors in the brain
• MIMICING?IMITATING the effects of Dopamine

Question 11

DEFINITION: AGONIST

Answer 11

• Mimic/ imitates or stimulates dopamine in the brain

Question 12

DEFINTION: ANTAGONIST

Answer 12

• Inhibit/stop the stimulation of dopamine in the brain.