Bio Exam Review

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

division of the nucleus into two identical nuclei.

Question 2

CIRCULATION

Answer 2

the flow of blood through blood vessels and the heart.

Question 3

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Answer 3

the process in which carbon dioxide enters the leaves of the plant and reacts with water and sunlight to make glucose & oxygen.

Question 4

ALIMENTARY CANAL

Answer 4

muscular tube that forms a digestive tract between mouth and anus.

Question 5

ACCESSORY ORGANS

Answer 5

produce secretions that assist in digestion of food. food does not pass through these organs.

Question 6

DIGESTION mechanical and chemical

Answer 6

enables the nutrients in food to enter body and cells
MECHANICAL : breaking food down (chewing)
CHEMICAL: chemical breakdown so small that can be absorbed; involves enzymes and digestive juices.

Question 7

BLOOD VESSELS:

Answer 7

Interconnected tubes that carry blood.

Question 8

BREATHING:

Answer 8

mechanical process which moves air in and out of the body

Question 9

GAS EXCHANGE

Answer 9

movement of oxygen gas and carbon dioxide In opposite directions between the alveoli and blood capillaries

Question 10

GENE:

Answer 10

a region of DNA that codes for a specific trait.

Question 11

STEM CELLS:

Answer 11

unspecialized cells that can produce various speciallzed cells.

Question 12

The cell theory

Answer 12

•all living things are made of one or more cells
• cells are basic units of function and structure in organisms
• all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 13

CELL DIVISION

Answer 13

INTERPHASE: resting phase from division

(mitosis is broken down into 4 phases)
PROPHASE: Chromatin coils up to form chromosomes, nucieolus and nuclear membrane disappear, everything separates and forms.

METAPHASE (midale): double stranded chromosomes line up in middle.

ANAPHASE (sister): spinales contract, centromeres separate, chromosomes
Splits into sister chromatids

TELOPHASE (two nuclei): spinales disappear, everything forms.

CYTOKINESIS: aivision of cytoplasm, cleavage & cell plate form.

Question 14

Cancer cells

Answer 14

do not respond to body’s control mechanisms. “ abnormal”. they stop at random points, divide out of control, and pile on eachother.
tumors, which are abnormal lump of cells can be grouped as “beneign” or “mallgnant”.

Question 15

The digestive system

Answer 15

-MOUTH: adds saliva; digestion
- INTESTINES: moves stool, diffuses nutrients
- ESOPHAGUS: moutn→ stomach RECTUM: stores stool
- STOMACH: holds food
- ANUS: excretes feces

Question 16

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Answer 16

Nose: cillia and mucous
- THROAT: air from nose meets mouth
- EPIGLOTTIS: tissue that prevents food from trachea
- LARYNX: vocal chords
- TRACHEA: connects throat to bronchi
- BRONCHI: cartilage rings
- ALVEOLI: site of gas exchange, air sacs
- LUNGS: located in thoraic cavity
- DIAPRAM: double membrane, surrounds each lung with fluld

Question 17

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Answer 17

Blood
heart
vessels

Question 18

PLANT VS ANIMAL CELLS

Answer 18

-PLANT : has common traits with animal cell. but contains cell walls, vacuoles, and chloroplasts.
- ANIMAL: contains cell membrane, nucleous, ribosomes, mitochondria

Question 19

DIGESTIVE PROCESS

Answer 19

INGESTION; eating

DIGESTION; breaking food down-chewing

ABSORPTION: food leaves digestive tract; 80% s/i 20% l/i

EGECSTION; removal of solid waste

Question 20

Biomedical tech

Answer 20

X-RAYS: electromagnetic waves, looks at bones and cancer

CT SCAN: 3D x-rays. Looks at heart disease & cancer

PET: used after CT to locate / source of cancer

MRI: radiowaves, finds abnormalities in brain, spine, heart

ULTRASOUND: Soundwaves, checks blood clots and blockages