Bio Engernetics Flashcards
Define Metabolism
All the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life
What is the energy used for?
Muscle Contractions
Maintain Body temperature
Build larger molecules
Protein
WHat are the two types of Respiration
Aerobic(more common)
and Anaerobic
Aerobic Respiration Equation
Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water
When is Anaerobic respiration used?
When enough oxygen can’t be obtained
Why is anaerobic respiration inneficient
There is an inefficient breakdown of glucose
Lactic acid break
Aerobic respiration Chemical Equation
C6+H12+O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O
Photosynthesis Equation / Is it exo or endo?
6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 602
Endothermic
What does photosynthesis need for the reaction?
Light energy
How does photosynthesis occur?
Carbon dioxide diffuses into the leaf through the stomata
Water is taken up from the soil by roots
Transported to leaf via xylem vessels
Plants convert it into glucose
Whats glucose used for in plants?
Creating Cellulose
Cellular Respiration
Creating Amino Acids
Creating Oils and Fats
What is used to create amino acids?
nitrate ions from the soil
Why is glucose stored as starch?
Starch lasts longer and is more compact
It can be broken down into glucose when needed
What does it mean on a rate of photosynthesis graph when the independent variable becomes constant?
If the line is plateaued, something else is limiting the rate of photosynthesis
How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
The rate of photosynthesis initially increases
Until enzymes get denatured and it decreases
Enzymes get fully denatured at 45o
What is chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
Pigment within chloroplasts
Absorb Light energy for photosynthesis
Why do some Plants have less clorophyll
Level within individual plant
Disease
Environmental Stress
Lack of nutrients
How doies translocation occur?
Sugars need to be transported to the rest of the cells through phloem cells
Phloem cells are made of phloem tubes
Small pores in the tubes, allow cell sap to move
Cell sap is a mixture of water and sugar
Allows sugars to be transported long distances
Sugars are used for energy directly or stored to be used for energy later
Phloem is used to transport up or down the plant
State three characteristics of Xylem Tubes:
Xylem Tubes:
No ends between them
One long hollow tube
Strengthened with lignin
What is the function of xylem vessels?
Transport water and mineral ions up to the leaves for photosynthesis
The water molecules travel in a chain up the tube, every time one molecule goes up, another one follows
What is transpiration?
The exhalation of water vapour through the stomata
What factors effect transpiration
Light intensity
Humidity
Temperature
Air flow
What effect does humidity have on rate of transpiration and why?
Decreases rate of transpiration
This decreases the concentration gradient because less water will diffuse out
Why does air flow increase the rate of transpiration?
The inside of the leaf has a higher concentration of water than the outside
Concentration gradient
When airflow is high, the water molecules that leave the leaf will quickly be blown away
Increases R.O.T
Difference Between Xylem and Phloem!
Xylem vessels:
*Transport water and minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves
Phloem vessels:
*Transport food materials (mainly sucrose and amino acids) made by the plant from photosynthesizing leaves to non-photosynthesizing regions in the roots and stem
*Xylem and phloem vessels are arranged throughout the root, stem, and leaves in groups called vascular bundles
