Bio Engernetics

Question 1

Define Metabolism

Answer 1

All the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

Question 2

What is the energy used for?

Answer 2

Muscle Contractions
Maintain Body temperature
Build larger molecules
Protein

Question 3

WHat are the two types of Respiration

Answer 3

Aerobic(more common)
and Anaerobic

Question 4

Aerobic Respiration Equation

Answer 4

Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 5

When is Anaerobic respiration used?

Answer 5

When enough oxygen can’t be obtained

Question 6

Why is anaerobic respiration inneficient

Answer 6

There is an inefficient breakdown of glucose
Lactic acid break

Question 7

Aerobic respiration Chemical Equation

Answer 7

C6+H12+O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 8

Photosynthesis Equation / Is it exo or endo?

Answer 8

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 602
Endothermic

Question 9

What does photosynthesis need for the reaction?

Answer 9

Light energy

Question 10

How does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide diffuses into the leaf through the stomata
Water is taken up from the soil by roots
Transported to leaf via xylem vessels
Plants convert it into glucose

Question 11

Whats glucose used for in plants?

Answer 11

Creating Cellulose
Cellular Respiration
Creating Amino Acids
Creating Oils and Fats

Question 12

What is used to create amino acids?

Answer 12

nitrate ions from the soil

Question 13

Why is glucose stored as starch?

Answer 13

Starch lasts longer and is more compact
It can be broken down into glucose when needed

Question 14

What does it mean on a rate of photosynthesis graph when the independent variable becomes constant?

Answer 14

If the line is plateaued, something else is limiting the rate of photosynthesis

Question 15

How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 15

The rate of photosynthesis initially increases
Until enzymes get denatured and it decreases
Enzymes get fully denatured at 45o

Question 16

What is chlorophyll

Answer 16

Chlorophyll
Pigment within chloroplasts
Absorb Light energy for photosynthesis

Question 17

Why do some Plants have less clorophyll

Answer 17

Level within individual plant
Disease
Environmental Stress
Lack of nutrients

Question 18

How doies translocation occur?

Answer 18

Sugars need to be transported to the rest of the cells through phloem cells
Phloem cells are made of phloem tubes
Small pores in the tubes, allow cell sap to move
Cell sap is a mixture of water and sugar
Allows sugars to be transported long distances
Sugars are used for energy directly or stored to be used for energy later
Phloem is used to transport up or down the plant

Question 19

State three characteristics of Xylem Tubes:

Answer 19

Xylem Tubes:
No ends between them
One long hollow tube
Strengthened with lignin

Question 20

What is the function of xylem vessels?

Answer 20

Transport water and mineral ions up to the leaves for photosynthesis
The water molecules travel in a chain up the tube, every time one molecule goes up, another one follows

Question 21

What is transpiration?

Answer 21

The exhalation of water vapour through the stomata

Question 22

What factors effect transpiration

Answer 22

Light intensity
Humidity
Temperature
Air flow

Question 23

What effect does humidity have on rate of transpiration and why?

Answer 23

Decreases rate of transpiration
This decreases the concentration gradient because less water will diffuse out

Question 24

Why does air flow increase the rate of transpiration?

Answer 24

The inside of the leaf has a higher concentration of water than the outside
Concentration gradient
When airflow is high, the water molecules that leave the leaf will quickly be blown away
Increases R.O.T

Question 25

Difference Between Xylem and Phloem!

Answer 25

Xylem vessels:
*Transport water and minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves
Phloem vessels:
*Transport food materials (mainly sucrose and amino acids) made by the plant from photosynthesizing leaves to non-photosynthesizing regions in the roots and stem
*Xylem and phloem vessels are arranged throughout the root, stem, and leaves in groups called vascular bundles