Bio & Emerging Physical Sciences - CHEMISTRY

Question 1

ACC. To parcelus Medicine should focus on
① functions
.② form

Answer 1

①fxn

Question 2

Iatrochemistry is……..

Answer 2

Chemistry should be central to understanding of human function and medicine

Question 3

….. Is the mystical internal chemist of our bodythat controls its functions

Answer 3

Archers - connection between 2 worlds governing operations of the body
It is basically enzymes that are protein catalysts

Question 4

ACC. To parcelus what results in illness?& what should choice of drugs be based on?

Answer 4

The defects in body chemistry lead to illness.
① Choice of drugs should be based on astrology _ correspondence of planets. metals,parts of body. ② doctrine of signature - appearance of plants help us know what are they good for.

Question 5

What specific therapies were used by parcelsus?

Answer 5

① let wounds real naturally after cleaning them
② syphillis he treated with mercury
③ metals & minerals for various complaints.
④ laudanum & sweet vitriol
→ laudanum - opium
→ sweet VIT - helped in conducting surgeries as patients passed out and did not feel any pain.

Question 6

——was used as an anaesthetic drug

Answer 6

Ether

Question 7

Who first used ether?

Answer 7

1842 - Crawford long
1846 - William warton & 3 others.

Question 8

Who was Jan baptista?

Answer 8

Helmont was inspired by parcelsus
①Flemish mystic, physician, chemist,
② followed the iatrochemistry approach

Question 9

How did Helmont contribute to modern bio?

Answer 9

Quantitative orientation towards plant physiology.

Question 10

What was the process called that indicated underlying unity of living being & non-living?

Answer 10

Fermentation

Question 11

Name the discoveries done by Helmont?

Answer 11

① conservation of matter in chemical reaction
② everything is made up of water except air- famous willow tree experiment.
③ there are many kinds of air - charcoal exp. He discovered vapours that don’t support burning of a candle.

Question 12

Who contributed to understand the process of digestion?

Answer 12

① Francisco sylvius
② Rene Antoine reaumur

Question 13

Sylvius was interested in……. &……. And believed indigestion is a result of its imbalance

Answer 13

Acids & alkali’s

Question 14

…..Was invented by sylvius for kidney ailments

Answer 14

Distilled grain spirit flavoured with juniper berries aka gin

Question 15

What important discovery was made by reaumur?

Answer 15

Digestion is a chemical process. The cylinder with meat inside introduced in a hawks stomach so no physical digestion was possible but still the meat was digested hence its a chemical process

Question 16

Paracelsus worked with ___

Answer 16

Terithemus

Question 17

Paracelsus got a position at the Uni of __

Answer 17

Basel

Question 18

According to Paracelsus in his opening lecture in Basel, what substance contained the greatest secret in medicine?

Answer 18

Excrement

Question 19

What is needed by the process of digestion according to Sylvius ?

Answer 19

1. Pancreatic secretions
2. Bile

Question 20

____ was the principle of combustion theory in the 18th century

Answer 20

Phlogiston

Question 21

Who invented the concept of Phlogiston

Answer 21

Johann Becher

Question 22

According to Ernst Stahl flame is ____

Answer 22

Heated air
- caused by the rush of phlogiston outside the object

Question 23

Joseph Black discovered ____

Answer 23

Fixed air - CO2

Question 24

____ invented dephlogisticated air

Answer 24

Joseph Priestly

Question 25

Priestly said that venous blood is filled ____ and absorbed from the tissues and released into the atmosphere via the lungs

Answer 25

pHLOGISTON

Question 26

_____ discovered photosynthesis

Answer 26

Jan Housz

Question 27

According to housz what do plants do?

Answer 27

Restore injured air and give back dephlogisticated air but ONLY in the sunlight

Question 28

Who abandoned the phlogiston theory renaming it Oxygen?

Answer 28

Antoine Lavoiser

Question 29

What did Lavoiser observe?

Answer 29

Both combustion and animals take up oxygen and release CO2.
Heat released is same with respiration and combustion

Question 30

Who established the Law of Definite proportions?

Answer 30

Joseph proust

Question 31

How could Prousts law be explained as per John Dalton?

Answer 31

Atoms - each atom has a fixed weight and a given compund consists of them in specific numbers

Question 32

_____ synthesized urea

Answer 32

Frederich Wohler

Question 33

Hermann Kolbe synthesized_____

Answer 33

Acetic acid - German chemist Hermann Kolbe successfully synthesized acetic acid from inorganic compounds, which was a significant breakthrough in organic chemistry and industrial production.