Bio & Emerging Physical Sciences - CHEMISTRY Flashcards
ACC. To parcelus Medicine should focus on
① functions
.② form
①fxn
Iatrochemistry is……..
Chemistry should be central to understanding of human function and medicine
….. Is the mystical internal chemist of our bodythat controls its functions
Archers - connection between 2 worlds governing operations of the body
It is basically enzymes that are protein catalysts
ACC. To parcelus what results in illness?& what should choice of drugs be based on?
The defects in body chemistry lead to illness.
① Choice of drugs should be based on astrology _ correspondence of planets. metals,parts of body. ② doctrine of signature - appearance of plants help us know what are they good for.
What specific therapies were used by parcelsus?
① let wounds real naturally after cleaning them
② syphillis he treated with mercury
③ metals & minerals for various complaints.
④ laudanum & sweet vitriol
→ laudanum - opium
→ sweet VIT - helped in conducting surgeries as patients passed out and did not feel any pain.
——was used as an anaesthetic drug
Ether
Who first used ether?
1842 - Crawford long
1846 - William warton & 3 others.
Who was Jan baptista?
Helmont was inspired by parcelsus
①Flemish mystic, physician, chemist,
② followed the iatrochemistry approach
How did Helmont contribute to modern bio?
Quantitative orientation towards plant physiology.
What was the process called that indicated underlying unity of living being & non-living?
Fermentation
Name the discoveries done by Helmont?
① conservation of matter in chemical reaction
② everything is made up of water except air- famous willow tree experiment.
③ there are many kinds of air - charcoal exp. He discovered vapours that don’t support burning of a candle.
Who contributed to understand the process of digestion?
① Francisco sylvius
② Rene Antoine reaumur
Sylvius was interested in……. &……. And believed indigestion is a result of its imbalance
Acids & alkali’s
…..Was invented by sylvius for kidney ailments
Distilled grain spirit flavoured with juniper berries aka gin
What important discovery was made by reaumur?
Digestion is a chemical process. The cylinder with meat inside introduced in a hawks stomach so no physical digestion was possible but still the meat was digested hence its a chemical process
Paracelsus worked with ___
Terithemus
Paracelsus got a position at the Uni of __
Basel
According to Paracelsus in his opening lecture in Basel, what substance contained the greatest secret in medicine?
Excrement
What is needed by the process of digestion according to Sylvius ?
- Pancreatic secretions
- Bile
____ was the principle of combustion theory in the 18th century
Phlogiston
Who invented the concept of Phlogiston
Johann Becher
According to Ernst Stahl flame is ____
Heated air
- caused by the rush of phlogiston outside the object
Joseph Black discovered ____
Fixed air - CO2
____ invented dephlogisticated air
Joseph Priestly
Priestly said that venous blood is filled ____ and absorbed from the tissues and released into the atmosphere via the lungs
pHLOGISTON
_____ discovered photosynthesis
Jan Housz
According to housz what do plants do?
Restore injured air and give back dephlogisticated air but ONLY in the sunlight
Who abandoned the phlogiston theory renaming it Oxygen?
Antoine Lavoiser
What did Lavoiser observe?
Both combustion and animals take up oxygen and release CO2.
Heat released is same with respiration and combustion
Who established the Law of Definite proportions?
Joseph proust
How could Prousts law be explained as per John Dalton?
Atoms - each atom has a fixed weight and a given compund consists of them in specific numbers
_____ synthesized urea
Frederich Wohler
Hermann Kolbe synthesized_____
Acetic acid - German chemist Hermann Kolbe successfully synthesized acetic acid from inorganic compounds, which was a significant breakthrough in organic chemistry and industrial production.
