Bio Defintions

Question 1

Define Sugars

Answer 1

Sugars are an essential structural component of living cells and a source of energy in many organisms.

Question 2

Define Genes

Answer 2

A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.

Question 2

Define Chromosomes

Answer 2

Chromosomes are threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell

Question 3

Define Amino Acids

Answer 3

An amino acid is the fundamental molecule that serves as the building block for proteins.

Question 4

Define Nucleus

Answer 4

The structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes.

Question 5

Define Diploid

Answer 5

The presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells

Question 6

Define Haploid

Answer 6

The presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells

Question 7

Define Mitosis

Answer 7

Mitosis is the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division.

Question 8

Define Meisosis

Answer 8

Meiosis is a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm).

Question 9

Define Mutation

Answer 9

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

Question 10

Define Gene Mutation

Answer 10

A genetic mutation is a change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different.

Question 11

Define Chromosome Mutation

Answer 11

A chromosome mutation refers to a heritable change in the structure of a chromosome,

Question 12

Define Mutagen

Answer 12

A mutagen is a chemical or physical agent capable of inducing changes in DNA called mutations

Question 13

Define Karyotype

Answer 13

A karyotype is an individual’s complete set of chromosomes.

Question 14

Define Deletion mutation

Answer 14

A part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is left out during DNA replication

Question 15

Define Insertion mutation

Answer 15

A type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA

Question 16

Define Substitution mutation

Answer 16

A type of mutation in which a single nucleotide is substituted with a different nucleotide

Question 17

Define Genetics

Answer 17

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.

Question 18

Define hereditary Factors

Answer 18

A measure of how well differences in people’s genes account for differences in their traits

Question 19

Define pure breeding

Answer 19

A group of identical individuals that always produce offspring of the same phenotype when intercrossed.

Question 20

Define alleles

Answer 20

An allele is a variant form of a gene.

Question 21

Define Dominant Alleles

Answer 21

When two copies of a gene are present a dominant allele will result in the associated phenotype being expressed

Question 22

Define Recessive Alleles

Answer 22

A type of allele that when present on its own will not affect the individual

Question 23

Define Homozygous

Answer 23

Having inherited the same versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent

Question 24

Define Heterozygous

Answer 24

Heterozygous, as related to genetics, refers to having inherited different versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent.

Question 25

Define Phenotype

Answer 25

The observable physical properties of an organism

Question 26

Define Genotype

Answer 26

The genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material.

Question 27

Define Species

Answer 27

A group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring.

Question 28

Define Ecosystem

Answer 28

A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting together.

Question 29

Define Biodiversity

Answer 29

Biodiversity is the variability of life.

Question 30

Define Independent Assortment

Answer 30

How different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.

Question 31

Define Recombination

Answer 31

Recombination is a process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new combinations of alleles.

Question 32

Define natural selection

Answer 32

The process in which an organism adapts to its environment through selectively reproducing changes in its genotype.

Question 33

Define Selective agents

Answer 33

The Selective Agent is the environmental factor acting on the population.