BIO CHEM: CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

Why are carbohydrates important?

Answer 1

cell walls of bacteria and plants, connective tissues of animals & lubricate skeletal joints, adhesion between cells, exoskeletons , essential to a protein’s function (glycosylated proteins) ,central to cell survival and cell-to-cell communication

Question 2

what are carbohydrates made from?

Answer 2

monosaccharides

• ketone
• aldehyde

Question 3

what is a chiral molecule

Answer 3

has a mirro image that connot line up with it perfectly

Question 4

what are the two assymmetric properties of monosaccharide

Answer 4

chiral carbons

optically active isomers.

Question 5

what is the form of saccharides with more than 5 carbon

Answer 5

cyclic

Question 6

what is the name of a 5 membered ring?

Answer 6

furanase

Question 7

what is the name of the 6 membered ring?

Answer 7

pyranose

Question 8

aldehyde+alcohol=???

Answer 8

hemiacetal

Question 9

ketone+alcohol=??

Answer 9

hemiketal

Question 10

what is a single saccharide called?

Answer 10

monosaccharide

Question 11

what is a 2 to 10 saccharide unit called?

Answer 11

Oligosaccharide

Question 12

what is ten to often hundreds of saccharide units ?

Answer 12

Polysachharide

Question 13

what happens during the polymerisation of monosaccharides?

Answer 13

occurs from condensation (dehydration) reaction betweem two or more monosaccharides) with the elimation of water molecules.

Question 14

what are the two polysaccharides?

Answer 14

homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides

Question 15

what are they distinguished by?

Answer 15

identity of the reoccuring units, chain lengths , types of bonds linking units , degree of branching

Question 16

name a storage polysaccharide?

Answer 16

starch

Question 17

what two types of glucose polymer does starch contain?

Answer 17

amylose and amylopectin

Question 18

describe amylose?

Answer 18

long

unbranched chains of alpha glucose

Question 19

what does the most suitable confiation of amylose produce?

Answer 19

a curved polysaccharide chain that forms a tightly coiled helix stabalised by internal hydrogen bonds

Question 20

describe amylopectin?

Answer 20

highly branched and

Question 21

what is the main storage polysaccharde of animal cells (muscle and liver cells)?

Answer 21

Glycogen (more excessively branched)

Question 22

what enxymes are secreted by salivary glands and pancreas?

Answer 22

amylases and glycosidases are enzymes secreted by the salivary glands and the pancreas. They break (14) glycosidic bonds between glucose units during digestion allowing ingested starch and glycogen to serve as sources of D-glucose for aerobic respiration

Question 23

describe cellulose?

Answer 23

fibrous , tough , water insoluble substance found in cell wall of plants , particularly trunks, stems and stalks

Question 24

describe the structure of cellulose?

Answer 24

linear unbranched homopolysaccharide consisting of 10,000 to 15,000 D glucose.