Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 1 > Bio Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Bio Chapter 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

T/F- Cells are all the same size

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who first described cells and what year was it?

A

Robert Hooke and 1665

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define the term- all living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells

A

Cell Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 factors that determine the quality of microcopy?

A

Magnification and Resolving Power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which microscope can view living or dead specimens?

A

Light Micrograph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which microscope can only view surface features; specimens must be killed?

A

Scanning Electron Micrograph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which microscope can view internal structures ; specimens must be killed

A

Transmission Electron Micrograph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two cell categories?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 2 domains make up prokaryotic cells?

A

Bacteria and Archae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 3 domains make up eukaryotic cells?

A

Plantae, Animalia, and fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What difference makes eukaryotic cells truly living?

A

They have a true complex nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What 4 features are common to all cells?

A

All cells have a plasma membrane: phospholipid bilayer- selective barrie
All cells have a cytosol, or cytoplasm: the area within the membrane not including organelles
All cells have at least one chromosome in the nucleus- containing DNA
All cells have ribosomes- sites of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the membranes of cells composed of?

A

Lipids (phospholipids) and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define the term- which structure separates the living cell from its nonliving surroundings

A

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When membrane phospholipids and proteins drift about in the plane of the membrane this behavior is known as?

A

Fluid Mosiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

Protect the cells
maintain their shape
keep cells from absorbing too much water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The nucleus is border by a double membrane called what?

A

Nuclear Envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where are ribosomes produced?

A

The nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What in the envelope allows materials to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

A

Pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are ribosomes responsible for?

A

Protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DNA → Synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus→ Movement of RNA into cytoplasm via nuclear pore→ Synthesis of the protein in the cytoplasm

A

just remember

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is being described?
Lack ribosomes
produces lipids including steroids
home to enzymes that detoxify foreign molecules

A

Smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is being described?
includes the modification of membrane proteins
secretory proteins
and the production of new membranes

A

Rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is being described?
Works in partnership with the ER
Refines, stores, and distributes the chemical products of a cell

A

Golgi Apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A sac of digestive enzymes found in animal cells is

A

Lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The enzymes in lysosome can break down large molecules such as:

A

Proteins
Polysaccharides
Fats
Nucleic Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Vacuoles are membrane sacs and there main job is to?

A

storage

28
Q

The Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Vacuoles, and Plasma membrane are interconnected through what system?

A

Endomembrane

29
Q

What are the organelles that perform photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplasts

30
Q

Chloroplasts have 3 major components. What are they?

A

The space between the two membranes
The stroma, a thick fluid within chloroplast
The space within grana, the structures that trap light energy and convert it to chemical energy

31
Q

Define the term- a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm which provides:
Mechanical support to the cell
Maintains its shape

A

Cytoskeleton

32
Q

What propels the cell in a whip like motion ; long projections that propel them through their liquid environment?

A

Flagella

33
Q

What moves in a coordinated back-and-forth motion in the cell?

A

Cilia

34
Q

What is the difference between a plant and animal cell?

A

1-Animalia is surrounded by a plasma membrane while the plants plasma membrane is surrounded by a cell wall giving it more of a defined shape
2- Plantae cells have chloroplast which allows the process photosynthesis
3- Strictly in Plant cells is a central vacuole
Central vacuoles are storage units for the cell

35
Q

What is the cell wall made from?

A

Cellulose which is a carbohydrate, monosaccharide

36
Q

What are the similarities between the cells?

A

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

37
Q

How does a cell illustrate the theme of interactions?

A

It is a living unit that is greater than the sum of its parts.

38
Q

The plasma membrane and other membranes of the cell are composed mostly of

A

Phospholipids

39
Q

a molecule that is apart of the inner bilayer of biological membranes , having aa hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail is known as?

A

Phospholipid

40
Q

Each phospholipid is composed of two distinct regions—a “head” with a negatively charged phosphate group and two nonpolar fatty acid “tails.” This is known as?

A

Phospholipid Bilayer

41
Q

Define the term- the meshwork that surrounds animal cells, consisting of a web of protein and polysaccharide fibers embedded in a liquid, jelly, or solid

A

Extracellular Matrix

42
Q

Within the nucleus, long DNA molecules and associated proteins form fibers called

A

Chromatin

43
Q

How is the nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell different from the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

A

There is no membrane enclosing the prokaryotic nucleoid region.

43
Q

How is the nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell different from the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

A

There is no membrane enclosing the prokaryotic nucleoid region.

44
Q

Name three structures in plant cells that animal cells lack

A

Chloroplasts, a central vacuole, and a cell wall.

44
Q

Name three structures in plant cells that animal cells lack

A

Chloroplasts, a central vacuole, and a cell wall.

45
Q

Why do phospholipids spontaneously form into a bilayer when placed in water?

A

The bilayer structure shields the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids from water while exposing the hydrophilic heads to water.

46
Q

What is the relationship between chromosomes, chromatin, and DNA?

A

Chromosomes are made of chromatin, which is a combination of DNA and proteins.

47
Q

What is the role of mRNA in making a protein?

A

A molecule of mRNA carries the genetic message from a gene (DNA) to ribosomes that translate it into protein.

48
Q

DNA is located in the___, and its message reaches the ribosome via the____.

A

Nucleus ; nuclear pores

49
Q

Ribosomes “dock” with rough endoplasmic reticulum to produce___.

A

Proteins that will be exported from the cell

50
Q

What is found in bacteria, plant, and animal cells?

A

Cell Membrane

51
Q

What is the building site of cellular proteins?

A

Ribosomes

52
Q

T/F- Bacteria can have cilia but not flagella.

A

False, Bacteria can have flagella NOT cilia

53
Q

What is the structural difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth ER?

A

Rough ER has ribosomes, but smooth ER does not.

54
Q

What is the site for lipid synthesis?

A

Smooth ER

55
Q

__ and __ can reproduce themselves. They have their own DNA that evolved from prokaryotes.

A

Chloroplasts and mitochondria

56
Q

List the structures involved in protein synthesis and release in the correct order.

A

Nucleus, mRNA, and ribosome

57
Q

The fluid mosiac model is ultimately the best depiction of the cell membrane because____.

A

it shows that the phospholipids and proteins within their layers are able to move

58
Q

T/F- The cytoplasm is similar in size and function in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

False

59
Q

What organelle is the recycling center of the cell?

A

Lysosome

60
Q

What action needs to occur when bilipid structures from with the hydrophilic heads pointing outward and the hydrophobic tails pointing inwards

A

if phospholipids are dropped in water

61
Q

What organelle would be especially abundant in the pancreatic cells that produce digestive enzymes that function in the small intestine?

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

62
Q

Which organelle would you think secrete a lot of material?

A

Golgi Apparatus

63
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both __________; they are different in that chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, __________.

A

have an inner and outer membrane ; carry out photosynthesis

64
Q

Taxol is a drug that can kill rapidly dividing cells. When Taxol is added, cells are unable to complete cell division. Taxol most likely affects the function of __________.

A

Microtubules

65
Q

What is the most likely pathway to be taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

A

ER- Golgi- vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Bio 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions