BIO Chapter 10 Flashcards
respiratory system
What is the overall function of the respiratory system?
Homeostasis>O2 into tissues>C02 from tissues to outside.
What is the path of air from nasal cavity to lungs?
Nasal cavity>pharynx>glottis>larnyx>trachea>bronchus>bronchioles>lungs
The cells of the body carry out cellular respiration to make energy in the form of ____.
ATP
Nasal cavities are separated by a ______ made of _______ and _______.
Septum, Bone, Cartilage
Nasal cavities are lined by ________ membrane.
Mucous
What purpose for respiration does the submucosa serve in the nasal cavity?
It contains a large number of capillaries that help warm and moisten the incoming air.
What type of cells act as odor receptors in the upper nasal cavities?
Ciliated
What is another term for “cavity” in the body?
Sinus
Increased fluid in the sinuses can lead to an increase in pressure; resulting in a ________.
sinus headache
Tubes that connect between the nasopharynx and the middle ear are known as ________ tubes.
eustachian
The medical name for “throat”
Pharynx
The Pharynx has three parts: the _________ where nasal cavities open above the soft palate; the ________ where the oral cavity opens; and the ___________, which opens into the _______ .
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx
Tonsils are composed of ________ tissue.
lymphoid
The larynx is normally _______; allowing air to pass, but the esophagus is normally ________ until a person swallows.
open, closed
The _______ is a cartilaginous structure that serves as a passageway for air between the Pharynx and _________.
larynx, trachea
The vocal cords are _________ folds supported by elastic _________, and the slit between them is called the _________.
mucosal, ligaments, glottis
What structure does the larynx move upward against when swallowing? What does it do?
The epiglottis - it prevents food from passing into the larynx.
The lower respiratory tract consists of the _____, the _________ tree, and the _________.
trachea, bronchial, lungs
The C-shaped _____________ rings of the trachea keep it from collapsing.
cartilaginous
The mucous membrane that lines the trachea has an outer layer of __________ _________ __________ epithelium and _______ cells.
Pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar, goblet
Bronchiolar constriction occurs during and _________ _______.
Asthma attack
The lungs are surrounded by _______, two layers of ________ membrane that produce _______ fluid.
pleurae, serous, serous
The right lung has _______ lobes, and the left lung has _______ lobes which allows room for which organ?
3, 2, heart
A surfactant is a film of _________ that lowers the surface tension of water and prevents the alveoli from closing.
lipoprotein
Boyle’s Law states that at a __________ temperature, the pressure of a given quantity of gas is ____________ proportional to its volume.
constant, inversely
A(n) __________ in air pressure causes air to move out of the lungs. A(n) _________ in air pressure causes air to enter them. When air pressure increases, volume _________.
increase, decrease. decreases.
Why can’t you hold your breath for much longer than 2-3 mins.?
C02 builds in the blood, lowering pH and making it more acidic. Acidic blood affects chemoreceptors in the body to send signals for the body to breathe more rapidly.
What is the amount of pressure a gas exerts called?
Partial pressure, PO2, and PCO2
If the partial pressure of oxygen differs across a membrane, oxygen will diffuse from the ______ to _______ partial pressure.
higher, lower
