bio ch 2

Question 1

atom

Answer 1

smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

Question 2

matter

Answer 2

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 3

element

Answer 3

a substance that can not be broken down to other substances by chemical means

Question 4

compound

Answer 4

a substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Question 5

trace elements

Answer 5

an element that is essential for life but required in extremely minute amounts

Question 6

proton

Answer 6

subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge

Question 7

electron

Answer 7

subatomic partcle with a single negative electrical charge

Question 8

nuetron

Answer 8

subatmoic particle with no electrical charge

Question 9

nucleus

Answer 9

an atoms central core containing protons and nuetrons

Question 10

atomic number

Answer 10

the number of protons in each atom of a particular element

Question 11

mass number

Answer 11

the sum of a the number of protons and nuetrons in a atoms nucleus

Question 12

atomic mass

Answer 12

the total mass of an atom

Question 13

isotopes

Answer 13

one of several atomic forms of an element each with the same number of protons but a diff number of neutrons

Question 14

radioactive isotope

Answer 14

isotope whos nucleus decays spontaneoulsy

Question 15

electron shells

Answer 15

the outside part of an atom around the atomic nucleus.

Question 16

chemical bonds

Answer 16

attraction between 2 atoms from the presence of opposite charges on the atom

Question 17

ionic bond

Answer 17

chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 18

covalent bond

Answer 18

strong chemical bond where 2 atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Question 19

molecule

Answer 19

2 or more atoms bonded together by covalent bonds

Question 20

electronegativity

Answer 20

the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a molecule

Question 21

non polar covalent bonds

Answer 21

type of covalent bond where atoms share similar electronegativity

Question 22

polar covalent bond

Answer 22

covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity

Question 23

salt

Answer 23

compound resulting from formation of ionic bond

Question 24

hydrogen bond

Answer 24

weak chemical bond formed when slightly postive atom is attracted to slightly negative atom

Question 25

polar molecule

Answer 25

molecule containing polar covalent bonds and having unequal distribution of charges

Question 26

chemical reactions

Answer 26

making and breaking of chemical bonds

Question 27

reactant

Answer 27

starting material in a chemical reaction

Question 28

product

Answer 28

ending material in a chemical reaction

Question 29

cohesion

Answer 29

sticking together of molecules of the same kind

Question 30

adhesion

Answer 30

attraction between different kinds of molecules

Question 31

surface tension

Answer 31

measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break surface of liquid

Question 32

thermal energy

Answer 32

kinetic energy due to random motion of atoms and molecules

Question 33

heat

Answer 33

thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another

Question 34

temperature

Answer 34

measure in degrees of the average thermal energy

Question 35

evaporative cooling

Answer 35

the process of which a surface becomes cooler during evaporation

Question 36

solution

Answer 36

liquid of a mixture between 2 or more substances

Question 37

solvent

Answer 37

dissolving agent of solution

Question 38

solute

Answer 38

substance that is dissolved in a solution

Question 39

aqueous solution

Answer 39

solution in which water is the solvent

Question 40

acid

Answer 40

substance that increases hydrogen ion concentation in a solution

Question 41

base

Answer 41

substance that decraeses the hydrogen ion

Question 42

ph scale

Answer 42

measures acidity of solution

Question 43

buffers

Answer 43

chemical substance that minimizes changes in ph

Question 44

ocean acidification

Answer 44

ph in ocean is lowered