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bio 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organic compound

A

chemical compound containing the element carbon and usually hydrogen

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2
Q

isomers

A

organic compounds with the same molecular formula with different structures and properties

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3
Q

hydrocarbons

A

organic compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen

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4
Q

functional groups

A

specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to carbon skeleton of organic molecules

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5
Q

hydrophilic

A

polar or charged molecules

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6
Q

hydroxyl group

A

chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to hydrogen atom

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7
Q

carbonyl group

A

chemical group consisiting of carbon atom linked by double bond to an oxygen atom

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8
Q

amino group

A

chemical group consiting of nitrogen atoms bonded by two hydrogen atoms

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9
Q

phosphate group

A

chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded by four oxygen atoms

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10
Q

methyl group

A

consist of carbon bonded to 3 atoms

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11
Q

macromolecules

A

giant molecule formed by joining of smaller molecules

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12
Q

polymers

A

large molecule consisting of many identical or similar monomers

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13
Q

monomers

A

subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer

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14
Q

dehydration reaction

A

chemical reaction in which 2 molecules become covalently bonded to each other with removal of water molecule

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15
Q

hydrolysis

A

chemical reaction that breaks bonds between 2 molecules by addition of water

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16
Q

enzymes

A

macromolecule that changes rate of chemical reaction without being consumed by reaction

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17
Q

carbohydrates

A

member of class of biological molecules consisting of single monomers sugars, 2 monomers sugars, and polymers

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18
Q

monosacchrides

A

simplest carbohydrate

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19
Q

glucose

A

serves as building block for many polysaccharides

20
Q

dissaccharides

A

sugar molecule consisting of 2 monosacchrides

21
Q

polysaccaharides

A

a carbohydrate polymer of many monosaccahrides

22
Q

starch

A

storage of polysaccharides in plants

23
Q

glycogen

A

extensivly branched glucose found in liver

24
Q

cellulose

A

structural polysacchride of plant cell walls composed of glucose monomers

25
Q

chitin

A

structural polysaccharide found in many fungal cells walls

26
Q

lipids

A

oragnic compound consisting mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by nonpolar covalent bonds

27
Q

hydrophobic

A

molecules that do not disolve in water

28
Q

fat

A

lipid composed of 3 fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule

29
Q

unsaturated fatty acid

A

fatty acid that has one or more double bond between carbon in the hydrocarbon tail

30
Q

saturated fatty acids

A

all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected

31
Q

trans fats

A

unsaturated fats lead to health risks thats formed artifically

32
Q

phospholipids

A

lipid made up of glycerol

33
Q

steroids

A

type of lipid whose carbon skeleton is in the form of 4 fused rings with various chemical groups attached

34
Q

cholesterol

A

important componet of animal cell membranes

35
Q

anabolic steriod

A

synthetic varient of male hormone

36
Q

protein

A

functional biological molecule consistingof one or more polypetide folded into a specific 3 dimensional structure

37
Q

denaturation

A

process which proteins unravel, losing function and structure

38
Q

amino acids

A

organic molecule containing carboxyl group and a amino group

39
Q

peptide bond

A

covalent bond between 2 amino acid units in a polypeptide

40
Q

polypeptide

A

a polymer chain of amino acids

41
Q

primary structure

A

the first level of protein structure

42
Q

secondary structure

A

second level of protein structure

43
Q

tertiary structure

A

3rd level of protein structure

44
Q

quaterniary structure

A

animal that eats tertiary consumers

45
Q

nucleic acid

A

polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers

46
Q

nucleotides

A

nucleotide building block of nucleic acids

47
Q

double helix

A

the form of native dna

bio (4 decks)

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