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bio 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

light microscope

A

optical instrument with lenses that bend visible light to magnify images

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2
Q

cell theory

A

theory that all living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells

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3
Q

electron microscope

A

microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron beam through onto the surface of a speciman

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4
Q

scanning electron microscope

A

microscope uses electron beam to study surface details of a cell

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5
Q

transmission electron microscope

A

uses electron beam to study internal structure of specimans

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6
Q

prokaryotic cells

A

type of cell lacking a membrane

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7
Q

eukaryotic cells

A

membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles

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8
Q

cytosol

A

semifluid portion of cytoplasm

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9
Q

chromosomes

A

gene carrying structure found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells

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10
Q

ribosomes

A

cell structure consisting of RNA and protein organized in 2 subunits

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11
Q

cytoplasm

A

contents of a eukaryotic cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus

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12
Q

nucleoid

A

a non membrane bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where dna is concentrated

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13
Q

flagella

A

long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion

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14
Q

cellular metabolism

A

all chemical activities of a cell

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15
Q

chromatin

A

the complex of DNA and proteins that make up eukaryotic chromosomes

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16
Q

nuclear envelope

A

double membrane that encloses the nucleus

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17
Q

nucleolus

A

structure within nucleus where ribosomal rna is made and assembled

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18
Q

endomembrane system

A

network of membranes and surrounding a eukaryotic cell

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19
Q

vesicles

A

a sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

20
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

extensive membranous network in a eukaryotic cell

21
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

portion of endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosome

22
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

portion of endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins

23
Q

glycoprotein

A

protein with one or more short chains of sugar attached to it

24
Q

transport vesicles

A

small membranous sac in eukaryotic cells cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell

25
Q

golgi apparatus

A

organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of membranous sacs that modify

26
Q

lysosome

A

digestive organelle in eukaryotic cells

27
Q

vacuoles

A

membrane enclosed sac that is part of the endo-membrane system of a eukaryotic cell

28
Q

central vacuole

A

in a plant cell a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth

29
Q

peroxisomes

A

organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substrates to oxygen

30
Q

mitochondria

A

where celluar respiration occurs

31
Q

mitochondrial matrix

A

compartment of mitochondrian enclosed by inner membrane

32
Q

chloroplast

A

organelle found in plants and algae that absorbs sunlight

33
Q

stroma

A

dense fluid within the chloroplast that surround the thylakoid membrane

34
Q

thylakoid

A

flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast

35
Q

granum

A

stack of membrane bounded thylakoids in a chloroplast

36
Q

endosymbiont theory

A

theory that mitochondria and choroplast originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells

37
Q

cytoskeleton

A

network of protein fibers

38
Q

motor proteins

A

protein that interacts with the cytoskeleton and other cell components

39
Q

microtubules

A

the thickest of 3 main kinds of fiber

40
Q

centrosome

A

structure found in animals cells from which microtubules originate

41
Q

intermediate filaments

A

intermediate sized protein fiber that is one of 3 main kinds of fiber making up the cytoskeleton

42
Q

microfilaments

A

the thinnest of 3 main kinds of protein

43
Q

cilliate

A

type of protist that moves and feeds by means of cilia

44
Q

extracellular matrix

A

meshwork surrounding animal cells

45
Q

cell wall

A

protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells, bacteria, fungi

bio (4 decks)

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