Bio-Cells Study Guide Flashcards
What is a cell?
The basic structure of all living organisms
Who’s Robert Hooke?
-Observed cork cells under the microscope
-Coined the term “cell”
Who’s Anton van Leeuwenhoek?
-Observed living cells (bacteria) under the microscope
Who’s Matthias Schleiden?
discovered that plants are made of cells
Who’s Theodor Schwann?
-Discovered that animals are made of cells
Who’s Rudolf Virchow?
-Discovered that cells came from pre-existing cells
Where do new cells come from?
The division of existing cells
What’s the difference between pro and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes are always unicellular, while eukaryotes are often multicellular. Eukaryotes are much bigger and more complex.
What’s the Cytoplasm and what does it do?
Clear jelly like substance in a cell that holds the organelles in place
What’s the Nuclear Membrane and what does it do?
A double layer that encloses the nucleus, and it prevents free movement of molecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus
What’s the Rough ER and what does it do?
It’s highway for proteins and other molecules
What’s the Smooth ER and what does it do?
It combines components of lipids like phospholipids and cholesterol.
What are Centrioles and what do they do?
Churro shaped organelles that organize microtubules and form spindle fibers that help cell division (reproduction).
What’s the Nucleus and what does it do?
It’s the brain of the cell that controls all activities.
What’s the Cell Membrane and what does it do?
The wall around pro and eukaryotes that determines what comes in and out of a cell.
Whats the vacuole and what does it do?
It stores extra materials cells will use later.
What’s the Mitochondria and what does it do?
It breaks down food particles and releases energy (ATP) to power the cell. Has its own DNA
What’s the Golgi and what does it do?
It’s like a little factory (close to the nucleus) that modifies and packages proteins and lipids to be sent out of the cell.
What are Lysosomes and what do they do?
They break down worn out cell parts, repairs the cell, and help fend of bacteria and viruses.
What’s chloroplast and what does it do?
It produces energy through photosynthesis to sustain plant growth. Has its own DNA
What’s the cytoskeleton and what does it do?
Its the structural framework for the cell that determines a cells shape.
What are the three principles of the cell theory?
-All living things are made of cells
-Cells are the basic structural units of life
-All cells come from the division of other cells
What’s passive transport?
The diffusion of molecules through the cell membrane without the use of ATP (energy).
What’s concentration gradient?
The net movement of down, so particles move from areas of high concentration to low concentration.
