Bio-Cells Study Guide

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

The basic structure of all living organisms

Question 2

Who’s Robert Hooke?

Answer 2

-Observed cork cells under the microscope
-Coined the term “cell”

Question 3

Who’s Anton van Leeuwenhoek?

Answer 3

-Observed living cells (bacteria) under the microscope

Question 4

Who’s Matthias Schleiden?

Answer 4

discovered that plants are made of cells

Question 5

Who’s Theodor Schwann?

Answer 5

-Discovered that animals are made of cells

Question 6

Who’s Rudolf Virchow?

Answer 6

-Discovered that cells came from pre-existing cells

Question 7

Where do new cells come from?

Answer 7

The division of existing cells

Question 8

What’s the difference between pro and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 8

Prokaryotes are always unicellular, while eukaryotes are often multicellular. Eukaryotes are much bigger and more complex.

Question 9

What’s the Cytoplasm and what does it do?

Answer 9

Clear jelly like substance in a cell that holds the organelles in place

Question 10

What’s the Nuclear Membrane and what does it do?

Answer 10

A double layer that encloses the nucleus, and it prevents free movement of molecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus

Question 11

What’s the Rough ER and what does it do?

Answer 11

It’s highway for proteins and other molecules

Question 12

What’s the Smooth ER and what does it do?

Answer 12

It combines components of lipids like phospholipids and cholesterol.

Question 13

What are Centrioles and what do they do?

Answer 13

Churro shaped organelles that organize microtubules and form spindle fibers that help cell division (reproduction).

Question 14

What’s the Nucleus and what does it do?

Answer 14

It’s the brain of the cell that controls all activities.

Question 15

What’s the Cell Membrane and what does it do?

Answer 15

The wall around pro and eukaryotes that determines what comes in and out of a cell.

Question 16

Whats the vacuole and what does it do?

Answer 16

It stores extra materials cells will use later.

Question 17

What’s the Mitochondria and what does it do?

Answer 17

It breaks down food particles and releases energy (ATP) to power the cell. Has its own DNA

Question 18

What’s the Golgi and what does it do?

Answer 18

It’s like a little factory (close to the nucleus) that modifies and packages proteins and lipids to be sent out of the cell.

Question 19

What are Lysosomes and what do they do?

Answer 19

They break down worn out cell parts, repairs the cell, and help fend of bacteria and viruses.

Question 20

What’s chloroplast and what does it do?

Answer 20

It produces energy through photosynthesis to sustain plant growth. Has its own DNA

Question 21

What’s the cytoskeleton and what does it do?

Answer 21

Its the structural framework for the cell that determines a cells shape.

Question 22

What are the three principles of the cell theory?

Answer 22

-All living things are made of cells
-Cells are the basic structural units of life
-All cells come from the division of other cells

Question 23

What’s passive transport?

Answer 23

The diffusion of molecules through the cell membrane without the use of ATP (energy).

Question 24

What’s concentration gradient?

Answer 24

The net movement of down, so particles move from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

Question 25

What’s Diffusion?

Answer 25

The movement of particles following the concentration gradient (moving from high to low concentration).

Question 26

What’s facilitated diffusion?

Answer 26

When transport proteins have to help small polar molecules to move across the membrane (Doesn’t require ATP, uses carrier & channel proteins)

Question 27

What’s Osmosis?

Answer 27

The diffusion of water across the membrane. The more dissolved molecules the lower concentration of water molecules.(*With aquaporins)

Question 28

Hypertonic?

Answer 28

A solution with a higher concentration of dissolved particles in the cell so water flows outside of the cell (cell eventually shrivels and dies *seawater).

Question 29

Hypotonic?

Answer 29

A solution with a lower concentration of dissolved particles in the cell so water flows inside the cell (cell gets very big and may burst).

Question 30

What’s Active Transport?

Answer 30

Diffusion that requires ATP (energy) because it moves against the concentration gradient

Question 31

What’s the Proton Pump?

Answer 31

A transporter (found in certian organelles) that uses ATP to transport H+ (protons) into the cell.

Question 32

What are the three new new principles added to the cell theory?

Answer 32

-Metabolism occurs inside cells
-DNA is passed from one cell to another
-All cells have the same basic composition