Bio AOS 2 Sustaining life Flashcards
What is a structural adaption?
Adaptions made to bodily structures to help the organism to survive in a specific environment. Such as Thick fur and blubber
What is a physiological adaption?
Adaptions made to the way in which a body functions to help the organism survive in a specific environment. Such as body tissue
What is a behavioural adaption?
Adaptions made to the way in which an organism behaves. Such as seeking shade.
What is biomimicry?
Biomimicry is the process of copying structures or systems found in nature to develop new materials or products.
What is a successful adaption that is was used as biomimicry?
The structural adaption of the kingfisher’s long, streamlined beak is used for the bullet train to prevent sonic booms when the train travels through tunnels.
Why do regulation factors need to be maintained?
Because the body must maintain stable levels or it will experience cellular damage and possibly die.
Explain the stimulus response model.
Receptors in the body detect change/stimulus and sends a signal to the hypothalamus or transmission molecules that sends a signal to the effector. Effectors reverses the direction of the stimulus to achieve homeostasis.
What does homeostasis mean?
Homeostasis is the maintenance of variables in a system within certain limits.
how does a negative feedback loop work?
A negative feedback loop involves a stimulus or change being detected by an appropriate receptor, the receptor than sends a signal to to a control centre such as the hypothalamus or transmission molecules , the control centre then sends a signal to the appropriate effector such as cells, tissues or organs. The effector then reverses the effect of the stimulus.
What is an example of a negative feedback loop?
The regulation of blood sugar levels by insulin
How does a positive feedback loop work?
A positive feedback loop forces an organism out of homeostasis by maintaining the direction of the stimulus until an outcome is achieved.
What is an example of a positive feedback loop?
Child birth
What are factors regulated by homeostatic mechanisms in humans?
Temperature, blood glucose and water balance
How does the body regulate temperature?
Endotherms in the hypothalamus detect a temperature change and send this message to reactors that will initiate a regulatory response such as decreasing blood flow to the skin to reduce heat loss.
How does the body regulate blood glucose?
islets of Langerhans in the pancreas detect a change in the blood glucose levels and release insulin. The insulin increases the conversion of glucose to glycogen, which brings blood glucose levels back to normal.
