bio Flashcards
The scientific term for cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells
Put these in order from least complex to most complex: tissue, organ, cell, organism, organ system
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Region where DNA is found in bacterial cells
Nucleoid Region
Plant cells, bacteria, and fungi all have this external Plant cells, bacteria, and fungi all have this external barrier that provides structure and protection for their cells
Cell Wall
Organelle responsible for making proteins
Ribosomes
Discovered that all plants are made of cells
Schleiden
Two advantages that multicellular organisms have over unicellular organisms
Longer lifespan
Ability to specialize/ differentiation
Increased Complexity
Three structures that plant cells have and animal cells don’t
Cell Wall, Chloroplast, Central Vacuole
The three components of the cell theory are:
All living things made of cells
Cells are basic unit of life
All cells come from the division of pre-existing cells
By what process do autotrophs “Obtain Energy”?
Photosynthesis
This scientist helped to discover and eventually named the smallest unit of life
Robbert Hooke
List the 8 Characteristics of Life
Made of Cells Obtain and Use Energy Contain Genetic Material Grow and Develop Evolve as a Population Respond to Stimuli Reproduce Maintain Homeostasis
Give an example of homeostasis in our bodies.
Regulation of body temperature through sweating/shivering
Provide at least 3 pieces of evidence that support the claim that viruses are not actually alive
Contain RNA, not DNA
Not made of cells
Cannot reproduce on their own
Use a host’s energy
The four major macromolecule classes are
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Nucleic Acid
Name of the chemical reaction responsible for joining monomers together to form a polymer (water is formed as a side product of this reaction)
Dehydration Synthesis
Macromolecule that contains a peptide bond
Protein
The three parts of a nucleotide are:
Phosphate Group, 5-carbon Sugar, Nitrogen Base
What is the function of an enzyme and how does it achieve that function?
speeds up chemical reactions
lowers the activation energy of the reaction
Name an example of a polysaccharide and describe its function
Starch - plant energy storage
Cellulose - plant structure (cell wall)
What do the red lower line and
blue higher line curves
represent?
Blue = reaction without an enzyme Red = reaction with an enzyme
Saturated vs. unsaturated fats: which is worse for you and why?
Saturated fats are straight chains that can create deposits that clog arteries
Explain the relationship between the words “Lactose” and “Lactase”
Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down lactose (carbohydrate)
This is the largest source of energy for all of life on Earth
The sun
Describe what would happen if a house plant (pictured below) was grown with water, minerals and a green light bulb.
It will not be able to grow, overtime will die because chlorophyll reflects green light. Without the proper light, photosynthesis cannot occur.
This is the specific location of The Kreb’s Cycle.
Matrix of Mitochondria
In the human body, muscle cells have an increased need for energy during exercise. To help supply this energy, the body will do what….
Increase breathing rate to get more oxygen for cellular respiration. If high exertion occurs and not enough oxygen is present, lactic acid fermentation will begin to occur.
These are the three parts of the ATP molecule.
Adenine, 3 Phosphates , Ribose
When performing a lab on spinach leaves, I measured a decrease in oxygen levels and an increase in carbon dioxide levels. What process is occuring at a higher rate?
Cellular Respiration
What are ALL of the directly used reactants for the Calvin Cycle?
Carbon Dioxide, ATP and NADPH
Write the full balanced equation for Aerobic Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water)
Compare the number of ATP made in aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic cellular respiration
Aerobic - Approximately 36
Anaerobic - 2
This is the scientific term for organisms that can perform photosynthesis.
Autotrophs
