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bio Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific term for cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

A

Eukaryotic cells

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2
Q

Put these in order from least complex to most complex: tissue, organ, cell, organism, organ system

A

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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3
Q

Region where DNA is found in bacterial cells

A

Nucleoid Region

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4
Q

Plant cells, bacteria, and fungi all have this external Plant cells, bacteria, and fungi all have this external barrier that provides structure and protection for their cells

A

Cell Wall

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5
Q

Organelle responsible for making proteins

A

Ribosomes

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6
Q

Discovered that all plants are made of cells

A

Schleiden

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7
Q

Two advantages that multicellular organisms have over unicellular organisms

A

Longer lifespan
Ability to specialize/ differentiation
Increased Complexity

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8
Q

Three structures that plant cells have and animal cells don’t

A

Cell Wall, Chloroplast, Central Vacuole

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9
Q

The three components of the cell theory are:

A

All living things made of cells
Cells are basic unit of life
All cells come from the division of pre-existing cells

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10
Q

By what process do autotrophs “Obtain Energy”?

A

Photosynthesis

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11
Q

This scientist helped to discover and eventually named the smallest unit of life

A

Robbert Hooke

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12
Q

List the 8 Characteristics of Life

A 
Made of Cells
Obtain and Use Energy
Contain Genetic Material
Grow and Develop
Evolve as a Population
Respond to Stimuli
Reproduce
Maintain Homeostasis
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13
Q

Give an example of homeostasis in our bodies.

A

Regulation of body temperature through sweating/shivering

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14
Q

Provide at least 3 pieces of evidence that support the claim that viruses are not actually alive

A

Contain RNA, not DNA
Not made of cells
Cannot reproduce on their own
Use a host’s energy

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15
Q

The four major macromolecule classes are

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Nucleic Acid

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16
Q

Name of the chemical reaction responsible for joining monomers together to form a polymer (water is formed as a side product of this reaction)

A

Dehydration Synthesis

17
Q

Macromolecule that contains a peptide bond

A

Protein

18
Q

The three parts of a nucleotide are:

A

Phosphate Group, 5-carbon Sugar, Nitrogen Base

19
Q

What is the function of an enzyme and how does it achieve that function?

A

speeds up chemical reactions

lowers the activation energy of the reaction

20
Q

Name an example of a polysaccharide and describe its function

A

Starch - plant energy storage

Cellulose - plant structure (cell wall)

21
Q

What do the red lower line and
blue higher line curves
represent?

A 
Blue = reaction without an enzyme
Red = reaction with an enzyme
22
Q

Saturated vs. unsaturated fats: which is worse for you and why?

A

Saturated fats are straight chains that can create deposits that clog arteries

23
Q

Explain the relationship between the words “Lactose” and “Lactase”

A

Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down lactose (carbohydrate)

24
Q

This is the largest source of energy for all of life on Earth

A

The sun

25
Q

Describe what would happen if a house plant (pictured below) was grown with water, minerals and a green light bulb.

A

It will not be able to grow, overtime will die because chlorophyll reflects green light. Without the proper light, photosynthesis cannot occur.

26
Q

This is the specific location of The Kreb’s Cycle.

A

Matrix of Mitochondria

27
Q

In the human body, muscle cells have an increased need for energy during exercise. To help supply this energy, the body will do what….

A

Increase breathing rate to get more oxygen for cellular respiration. If high exertion occurs and not enough oxygen is present, lactic acid fermentation will begin to occur.

28
Q

These are the three parts of the ATP molecule.

A

Adenine, 3 Phosphates , Ribose

29
Q

When performing a lab on spinach leaves, I measured a decrease in oxygen levels and an increase in carbon dioxide levels. What process is occuring at a higher rate?

A

Cellular Respiration

30
Q

What are ALL of the directly used reactants for the Calvin Cycle?

A

Carbon Dioxide, ATP and NADPH

31
Q

Write the full balanced equation for Aerobic Cellular Respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water)

32
Q

Compare the number of ATP made in aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic cellular respiration

A

Aerobic - Approximately 36

Anaerobic - 2

33
Q

This is the scientific term for organisms that can perform photosynthesis.

A

Autotrophs

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