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Sexual Behavior > BIO 358 4 > Flashcards

BIO 358 4 Flashcards

1
Q

scale of individual speicialization

A

-immensely large bc we can directly and indirectly share cultural information

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2
Q

primary coalition

A
  • finite size group
  • scale of cooperation that produced the original origin of humans
  • capable of developing a level of adapted sophistication -> advanced stone tools
  • Neanderthals and modern humans
  • internally highly cooperative
  • xenophobic towards externals
  • they cant control conflict between these coalitions
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3
Q

enlarged coalition

A
  • leads to higher level adapted sophistication

- increased individual specialization

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4
Q

neanderthals

A
  • large brains (slightly larger than our!)
  • have the same common ancestor as us -> homo heidelbergensis (.5 mil years ago)
  • evolve in eurasia
  • cooperate at the level of primary coalition
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5
Q

50,000 years ago

A
  • expanded coalition
  • behaviorally and anatomically modern
  • new weapon must have been developed -> expanded social scale -> adaptive revolution
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6
Q

hypothesis

A
  • cognitive hypothesis
  • behaviorally modern humans sustained social revolution -> better supported
  • behaviorally modern humans sustained a behavior improving genetic change -> not as well supported
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7
Q

tool sophistication

A
  • adaptive revolution
  • pre-human make tools (2.5mil years ago)- oldowan tools
  • first humans make more sophisticated tools- acheulean (knife, symmetrical)
  • (5,000-7,000 years ago)- mousterian (levallois) tools -> slight improvement
  • modern humans- produce much more sophisticated tools -> increased individual specialization (enlarged coalitions)
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8
Q

art

A
  • adaptive revolution
  • require very sophisticated expertise
  • individual specialization
  • pre-modern humans- simple, child like art -> primary coalitions
  • modern humans- much more sophisticated art -> enlarged coalitions
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9
Q

geographical range and ecological impact

A
  • adaptive revolution
  • behaviorally modern humans are able to sail
  • 13-25 thousand years ago
  • vast expansion of geographical range
  • set off massive extinction -> better hunters
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10
Q

controlled burning

A
  • adaptive revolution
  • behaviorally modern humans
  • not too hot that is rises and burns trees
  • kills ticks and flees
  • humanizes the environment -> extinction of a lot of animals
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11
Q

hopewell

A
  • mound
  • behaviorally and anatomically modern humans made this
  • requires a massive scale of social cooperation
  • built the great circle at newark, ohio
  • evidence that behaviorally modern humans commonly acted socially on much larger scales than premodern
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12
Q

currency

A
  • public market
  • economic exchange
  • currency
  • durable
  • difficult to counterfeit
  • coercively suppress theft
  • use of medium of exchange
  • use beads
  • originate with behavrioally modern humans -> due to social
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13
Q

secondary coalitions

A
  • primary coalitions cooperate
  • leads to emergence of currency
  • expanded labor forces
  • social scale increases
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14
Q

favor exchange

A

p=n(n-1)/2

  • total unique pairwise interactions (p) in a population of n individuals is given by the equation
  • limits the scale we can cooperate purely based on favors
  • we require currency
  • keeping track of tasks/favors becomes more and more difficult -> exponentially
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15
Q

public market exchange

A
  • mediated by currency
  • monitored
  • reciprocal
  • secondary coalition
  • in the middle of the circle and coercive weapons (atlatl) surrounding
  • one entrance/exit
  • burrow pit on the inside
  • policing
  • instantaneous value
  • public so everyone can monitor
  • primary coalitions engage
  • organized crime -> policing is required
  • require records, currency
  • xenophobia can be overcome if you can police on a larger scale
  • primary coalitions come together to exchange with policing
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16
Q

new coercive weapon

A

-should appear with adaptation of currency

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17
Q

organized crime

A
  • primary coalition
  • parasitic
  • needs to be coercively suppressed
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18
Q

no lanchester advantage

A
  • one on one

- primary coalition vs primary coalition

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19
Q

strong lanchester cost reduction

A
  • emerged with the atlatl weapon -> spear thrower
  • long distance weapon
  • primary coalition is coercive from a distance
  • harpoon point
  • applied hunting tool to social coercion
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20
Q

primary -> secondary coalition

A

-a weapon capable of INTERNAL law enforcement allowing the next scale of social cooperation to emerge

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21
Q

social coercion theory

A
  • self interested origins of the weapon: intergroup conflict or hunting NOT the focus
  • we create weapons for intergroup conflict and hunting
  • we are unique bc we have intergroup (internal) group coercion
  • allowed the merging of groups that now would share cultural information, specialize, exchange fruits of labor
  • scale and structure of cooperation is subject to effectiveness of the weapon when redepolyed
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22
Q

inuit

A
  • use simple old tools and use it in a behaviorally modern coercive way
  • use local knowledge
  • teamwork
  • supplement seal diet
  • support of the village and opportunity in village making this an adaptive opportunity despite danger
  • social scale is smaller due to the simplicity of the weapon
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23
Q

pre-historic history

A

-1.8mil years ago

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24
Q

history class

A
  • propaganda
  • not true
  • doubt everything
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25
Q

what does history look like: empirical matter

A
  • rise of homo 2 mil years ago

- elite throwing, hypercultural, expanded cranial volume, adaptive sophistication

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26
Q

adaptive sophistication (an adaptive revolution)

A
  • staircase
  • with new scales of cooperation -> adaptive sophistication explodes
  • tool sophistication
  • tools accumulate
  • cutting knife rock- 1.6 mil
  • how did we get from rock to airplane -> empirical record shows that there are adaptive revolutions
  • adaptive revolution- abrupt progress
  • adaptive stasis- stand still after adaptive sophistication revolution
  • > adaptive staircase
  • new coercive technologies
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27
Q

currently we are in

A

-adaptive revolution

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28
Q

how does social coercion theory predict history

A
  • control of conflict of interest associated with transmission of cultural information with non-kin
  • acquire vast amount of cultural information
  • we are the pedagogical animal -> teaching and learning
  • we are the economic animal -> we trade skills and good
  • we can indirectly and directly exchange skills -> we dont know how to pick corn, build houses, make clothes
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29
Q

the scale of uniquely human hyper cultural cooperation matters

A
  • more people -> more expertise -> more manufacturing -> short time for transmission of culture
  • scale matters!
  • less people -> slower transmission
  • ex. tasmania- 50,000 yrs ago- advanced tools -> 8,000 years ago- flooded -> after the flood the technology went back to primitive technology (paleolithic) bc they were isolated and small -> couldnt transmit culture
  • loss of cultural sophistication
  • adaptive sophistication is limited by social scale
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30
Q

ice age

A

-every 50,000 years there are cyclical ice ages

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31
Q

50,000 years ago

A
  • tools become more advanced

- harpoon

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32
Q

what controls scale?

A
  • coercive tools control scale

- rapidly drives a adaptive revolution

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33
Q

internal social groups

A
  • humane

- cooperative

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34
Q

between social groups

A
  • xenophobic

- hostile

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35
Q

carnacioles

A

carnivore teeth

  • austrolopiths make hypersharp tools for ripping meat -> flint and obsidian are good resources
  • crushing stone- crush marrow
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36
Q

australapith

A
  • brain is ape sized
  • garhi fossil- little anatomical difference from australopith fossil -> both associated with fossil prey and manuports
  • suggests that power scavenging adaptation might have been the first step towards human emergence
  • leg lengthening
  • 2.3 million years ago
  • manuports (ammunition)
  • associated with fossil prey processed with stone tools
  • elite throwing
  • power scavenging
  • kin selected **
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37
Q

bacteria vs. non-humans and humans

A
  • bacteria have genetic information

- we differentiate bc we have cultural information too

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38
Q

evolution

A
  • significant genetic adaption to initial increase in scale of social cooperation
  • subsequent evolutions or NOT genetic they are social or cultural
  • new coercive technologies drive revolutions
  • increase scale of cooperation a million fold in just 10,000 years
  • massive new social scale causes problems of adaptive novelty
  • these processes of social change do NOT necessarily produce increase in dibidual human welfare
  • we must humanely manage
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39
Q

rice, potatoes, corn

A
  • responsible for 95% of calories
  • remaining calories is wild food
  • these foods depend on us to control weeds for us
  • human domestication
  • mutual
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40
Q

bow

A
  • 14,000-1,000
  • 12,000 BCE
  • coercive weapon is the bow
  • supplies food
  • bow is easy to use but complex
  • atlatl is easy to make difficult to use
  • bow is lethal
  • opportunity costs are very different
  • immediately humans live in large permanent settlements for the first time with emergence of bow
  • specialization growth -> arts, currency
  • professionalized food production -> agriculture
  • agricultural revolution occurs right where bows are invented
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41
Q

bow vs atlatl

A
  • bow is easy to use but complex
  • atlatl is easy to make difficult to use
  • bow is lethal
  • opportunity costs are very different
  • opportunity cost of bow is low
  • opportunity cost of atlatl is high
  • atlatl you must practice a lot
  • atlatl depends on mass of projectile and human strength -> bigger points -> behaviorally modern
  • bow doesnt need to be heavy -> smaller -> neolithic
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42
Q

native american

A
  • transition from atlatl to bow is associated with much lower opportunity cost
  • social structure dramatically shifts
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43
Q

teosinte

A
  • smaller
  • ancestor of modern corn
  • maize
  • domesticated to corn
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44
Q

landfill

A

-garbage is dumped everyday

-

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45
Q

neolithic dating

A
  • containers -> technology evolved quickly
  • different styles evolve
  • arrowheads evolved -> bigger head for atlatl and smaller for bow
  • C-14 dating- determines how old a plant or animal that eats plant is
  • tree ring dating- dendrochronology -> dates wood
  • trees grow based off warm and wet (fast),cold and dry (slow)
  • bar code like -> dating to the year
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46
Q

why do humans remain local

A
  • xenophobic
  • trading
  • crops is limited (depending on weather and soil)
  • weapons spread everywhere
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47
Q

agricultural revolution: natufian culture

A
  • first fertile area that has the bow
  • fertile crescent
  • excavation
  • build a house -> breaks down -> tell -> self midden
  • town is abandoned and forms giant hill
  • no agriculture revolution yet
  • bow is found
  • several thousand years later -> argiculture comes about
  • needed time for domesticaiton
  • domesticated: wheat, barely, rye, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs
  • different specialization and trading
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48
Q

china

A
  • two different types of rice
  • millet
  • soybeans
  • agricultural revolution only arises after the bow arrives
  • about 3,000 years later
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49
Q

africa

A
  • cattle
  • yams
  • sorgum
  • bow doesnt come until about 3,000 years ago -> agricultural revolution
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50
Q

north america

A
  • native american
  • neolithic revolutions happen much later bc bow arrive is delayed over ocean
  • maize, beans, squash -> mesoamerican triad
  • these triads come before the bow and only explode until after the bow
  • these crops used for horticulture (family gardening)
  • only after the arrival of the bow do we see agricultural revolution! (400-600 CE)
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51
Q

north america: Mississippians

A
  • extends throughout Mississippi
  • a lot of trade
  • atlatl policed
  • hopewell existed in middle woodland dwellings
  • beans, maize, squash
  • not sedentary
  • after the bow -> immediately sedentary communities, and then agriculture
  • monumental architecture
  • social event
  • cahokia
  • monks mound
  • explode from bow
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52
Q

north america: chumash

A
  • santa barbara channel (cali)
  • neolithic revolution here wasnt agricultural
  • powerful marine food chain was here
  • sandy, rocky, beachy
  • acorns
  • professional fishers
  • boats
  • ceramics
  • explode from bow
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53
Q

north america: calusa

A
  • southern florida
  • neolithic revolution is not agricultural
  • algal bloom -> creates food pyramid
  • estuarine environment
  • marine food is rich
  • hill built by food residue was found -> snail and mollusk shells
  • sites were abandoned and people harvested and made fish oils with the arrival of bow
  • mound key
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54
Q

neolithic (agricultural) revolution

A
  • adaptive revolution
  • scale
  • sedentary settlements
  • fishing or agriculture
  • bow starts this -> greater range, much lower opportunity cost
  • police cooperation
  • produce food on a large scale
  • 14k years ago
  • domestication
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55
Q

north america: anasazi

A
  • basket makers
  • pit houses
  • small and moved
  • bow comes and they become sedentary
  • agricultural revolution
  • huge settlements
  • chaco canyon
  • pueblo bonito
  • irrigation system
  • pottery
  • stones men
  • astronomers -> seasons to farm
  • measures solstice and equinox
  • massive specialization
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56
Q

archaic state

A
  • emerged from ancient evolved biology
  • ethical humanity
  • 5,000 years after agriculture
  • body armor and shock weaponry**
  • shock weapons- swords, spears
  • elite control of coercive threat (non-democratic) -> only given to males
  • body armor disables projectile weapons
  • rapid revolution (from these armors) led to archaic state
  • led to central city state (larger) with satellite settlements surrounding -> large economic unit
  • elite males are in control and towns serve them
  • women are not citizens
  • bronze metallurgy (iraq- sumara, egypt) -> iron metallurgy (turkey)
  • transfers Neolithic states into empires
  • land expands but the wealth doesnt -> poverty
  • public brutality
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57
Q

hierarchical coercive power

A
  • body armor
  • elite control of coercive threat -> only given to men
  • this changes us (we are not democratic and equal anymore)
  • people are working in their own self interest
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58
Q

democratically

A

distributed access to coercive threat

  • elite throwing
  • bow
  • atlatl
  • projectiles
  • men, women, children are equally powerful
  • bc we are self interest we all cooperate so we all dont get hurt -> this changes with body armor
  • democracy requires cooperation and each person
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59
Q

hoplite

A
  • armored warrior
  • gives elite power over commoners
  • elite warrior
  • shock weapons + body armor
  • body armor disables projectile weapons
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60
Q

body armor

A
  • expensive to make -> limits who can have
  • expensive opportunity cost too -> you must train to fight without weapons
  • disables projectile weapons
  • brings about elite control of coercive threats
  • mostly only given to men
  • no longer democratic
  • archaic state
  • pregnant and nursing females cant fight
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61
Q

archaic state: egypt

A
  • rapid development from archaic state
  • structures are hugely larger
  • pyramids
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62
Q

bronze age

A
  • scale armor- metal technology stitched together
  • first armor
  • shell armor is made after -> continuous
  • bronze metallurgy (3500 BCE)
  • birth of archaic states almost immediately after
  • sumera, egypt
  • hierarchal
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63
Q

mesopotamia

A
  • first bronze armor ever
  • Egypt picks up up after
  • then mycenaeans
  • minoan
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64
Q

iron age

A
  • metal ore is discovered from pottery
  • iron ore is in red soil
  • labor intensive and requires specialization
  • opportunity cost is high
  • blast furnace- forced input of oxygen -> super heated -> fuel is charcoal
  • its not cheaper but its more abundant than copper -> more available
  • religion -> domesticated by male elites to gain submission
  • larger and more powerful than bronze states -> hierarchal -> poverty
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65
Q

copper

A

-will melt
-flexible
-alloy it with zinc -> brass
-alloy is with tin -> bronze
-birth of bronze age
-

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66
Q

steel

A

-introduction of carbon into iron -> steel

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67
Q

athenian and spartan

A
  • written literature
  • descriptive art
  • pericles- political figure
  • political figures dress like elite males (armored) bc they are the ones voting
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68
Q

romans

A
  • architecture- roads- trade, transport
  • aqueducts
  • symbolic expression- statues
  • octavian- caesar augustus -> first roman emperor
  • his statue shows him in armor and shock weapons
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69
Q

japanese state

A
  • samurai states
  • archaic states lag bc its far
  • kusunoki masashige- war lord- armored
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70
Q

afroeurasian

A
  • male dominated
  • turn females into property
  • bc men are putting themselves at risk -> they want money and reproduction
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71
Q

western hemisphere (new world)

A
  • mesoamerica and south america (not north america)
  • armor is based on cotton
  • kevlar- tightly knit
  • each layer of kevlar absorbs momentum -> bullet proof vest
  • will injury you but wont penetrate your body
  • made by back strap loans
  • elite male warriors -> archaic states
  • kwatzoykoyotl
  • obsidian (volcanic glass)- makes lethal shock weapons
  • domesticates cotton
  • not in north america bc the temperature doesnt allow
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72
Q

mayan

A
  • fell due to cycling-> jungle over took
  • archaic states
  • written language
  • male dominated
  • cotton armor
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73
Q

inca

A
  • domesticated the potato
  • archaic state
  • statues
  • male dominated
  • shock weapons
  • armor
  • architecture- large ceremonial buildings
  • quipu- color coated strings and knots -> number system
  • record keeping system
  • base 10- number system
  • no written language
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74
Q

aztec

A
  • teotihuacan
  • massive architecture
  • male elites
  • cotton armor
  • public brutality
  • human sacrifice ritual- political intimidation
  • display of skulls
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75
Q

systematic public brutality

A
  • elites continuously intimidate commoners
  • commoners dont report crimes or challenge elites
  • aztecs and romans
  • part of the political system
  • romans- amphitheater games -> criminals put to death
  • aztecs- pyramids/temple -> religious human sacrifice, displayed skulls
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76
Q

political liars

A
  • how to identify political liars -> social coercion theory

- cannot help but give themselves away

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77
Q

knowledge illusion, confirmation bias

A

-

78
Q

primary ciliation’s

A
  • sustained by the available coercion technology
  • pragmatic beliefs- how to drive, type, tie shoes
  • social contract belief- ethical psychology, ethical rules
  • identifier belief- evolves in an ancient xenophobic, exploited by politicals
79
Q

pragmatic belief

A

-we unconsciously believe we know things but we are really cooperating

80
Q

professional liars

A
  • motivated reasoning
  • we behave as if we have a high source bias- we believe things that are in our own coalition and disbelieve things from a xenophobe
  • arguments between two groups are pointless
81
Q

conformation bias

A

if we receive information from a “reliable” source we select evidence that support it and disregard information that disproves

82
Q

identifier beliefs

A

-things we react to that identify another person as a person of another group

83
Q

traditional belief

A
  • biased towards information that our ancestors had used

- contemporary liars convince us that they are telling you ancient knowledge

84
Q

new coercive technologies

A
  • drive new social scales
  • social STRUCTURE determined by distribution of coercive power (male with armor)
  • different distributions of coercive power engage our social psychologies differently
85
Q

scale

A
  • 100
  • 1,000
  • neolithic- 10,000
  • archiac states- 100,000-fold
  • contemporary- 10 million-fold
  • scale is not the problem its the hierarchal control of threat
86
Q

moral outrafe

A
  • conjoint group that ostracize free riders
  • police
  • genetically evolved ethical device
  • programmed by culturally transmitted information (beliefs)
  • serve majority consensual interests - source of right and wrong
87
Q

guilt

A
  • respond to policing
  • makes us not want to do bad
  • genetically evolved ethical device
  • programmed by culturally transmitted information (beliefs)
  • serve majority consensual interests- source of right and wrong
88
Q

conformity

A
  • genetically evolved ethical device
  • programmed by culturally transmitted information (beliefs)
  • serve majority consensual interests- source of right and wrong
  • sign of submission
89
Q

hierarchical

A
  • source of all things good- coercive power is what enables mutually cooperative things that we do -> benefits
  • we are seduced by power as the source of all things good
  • internal to our primary coalition
  • those is power are right-
  • profound xenophobia
90
Q

coercive technology

A
  • bow cannot control conflict between coalitions

- it only works within coalitions

91
Q

elite warriors take over society

A
  • groups that create the elite warriors have no power over them -> they will not be loyal to the primary coalition
  • all the elite warrior from each coalition come together and take over all the other groups
92
Q

elite control of public

A
  • elites control cultural exchange- control of commoner information exchange
  • commoners are illiterate
  • flood system with their own information (propaganda)
  • manipulate
  • stimulate our xenophobia to manipulate us
93
Q

authoritarian systems

A
  • classism, racism, misogyny, ethnocentrism, religious intolerance
  • you know that they are not democratic
  • fool the democratic majority
  • suppress the press
  • increase state level military
  • make fun of xenophobic groups
94
Q

modern democracies are under threat to aspiring oligarchs

A
  • preserve the democracy where it exists

- America is constantly under hierarchal threat

95
Q

social traps

A
  • female widow birds selected for males with longer and longer feather -> males died
  • if females chose the lesser males -> children would die -> trapped
  • infanticidal lion
  • democratized human animals- we believe in justice, equality, giving back -> selected for in democratized human
  • you must give back to gain to be selected for -> this is humanity but its also a trap
96
Q

history

A
  • written by the winner
  • question everything
  • dont judge what other people chose to do during hard times
97
Q

best alternative option

A
  • in the moment base on who held descisive coercive threat and the social structure they were embedded in
  • problem with being ostracized
  • align your behavior to power
  • all you want to do is survive
  • power made right
98
Q

democratized weapons

A
  • rocks- rocks are everywhere
  • bows- anyone is strong enough
  • atlotl- thrown better by women or skinny men
  • no one have coercive power
  • fair democracy
99
Q

democratized weapons

A
  • rocks- rocks are everywhere
  • bows- anyone is strong enough
  • atlotl- thrown better by women or skinny men
  • no one have coercive power
  • fair democracy
100
Q

self-justification

A
  • i do more than you
  • im smarter than you
  • im stronger than you
  • guilts the commoner to obey
  • person will be morally outraged if they dont obey
  • people in power are self-serving -> dominance hierarchy
  • social trap!
  • you must selfish to succeed
101
Q

dominance hierarchy

A
  • you are competing to people next to you
  • constantly pulling each other down
  • police each other
  • guilt people below you
  • the most power = most knowledge
  • inhumane/brutal
  • allocation of food, land, females, non-elite males
102
Q

egyptains and sparta: dominance hierarchy

A
  • serve the people above them
  • compete with people next to them
  • blame people below them
103
Q

production hierarchies

A
  • coordinate production
  • production hierachries
  • coordinate specialization and division of labor
  • specific specializations to produce something
  • medical team
  • majority benefit
  • humane
104
Q

cybernetic hierarchy

A
  • neolithic
  • men and female castles
  • elect and advise people to take charge
  • can impeach
  • democratized hierarchy
  • production hierarchy
105
Q

non-elite males

A
  • frontline military -> no armor and in the front
  • disenfranchised- peasant labor
  • must avoid public intimidation
  • compete for favortism
106
Q

knowledge

A

-you cant question elites

-

107
Q

grouthink

A
  • group values harmony and conformity over accurate analysis and critical evaluation
  • unquestioningly follow the word of leader
  • strongly discourages any disagreement
108
Q

co-opt mating system

A
  • elite males co-opt mating system
  • promiscuity bc it serves their interest
  • polygamies
  • greeks, romans, ch’in, islamic states
  • set the cultural standard
  • concubines, multiples wives, karems
  • same effect beliefs
109
Q

elite males and females: social trap

A
  • reproductive benefit of choice of multiple females BUT had to maintain resource and power
  • females- denied the benefits of democratically chosen monogamy or promiscuity BUT has to compete for favoritism
  • social traps
110
Q

females

A
  • put up polygamy
  • avoid public intimidation
  • compete for favoritism
  • 3 choices:
  • can become an aspiring elite
  • favored by the elite
  • or wife of one
111
Q

female genital mutilation

A
  • mothers and aunts do it to them for their best interest
  • restrain sexual pleasure and desire
  • beliefs are not casual
  • belief fall in line with who hold power
  • once all the females have genital cutting
  • only mutilated females are selected
  • practice continues with no benefit
  • benefit is no there anymore when everyone has it
  • natural selection is mindless
112
Q

social structure

A

determined by distribution of coercive power

113
Q

revolutions

A
  • behaviorally modern revolution- atlatl
  • agricultural revolution- bow
  • archaic state- body armor
  • early modern state- first step- gunpower artillery and second step- democratization of modern state via gunpowder handguns (massive)
114
Q

early modern state

A
  • first part of revolution
  • gunpowder and artilleries
  • get rid of fortifications from the elites that opted out of the cycling archaic state -> reassembles the archaic states
  • elites are still dominating
  • advanced roads
  • modern democratized state transportation- cargo ships, trains, trucks, planes
  • stable
115
Q

cycling in the archaic state

A
  • policed by elite armored warriors
  • fragmented
  • elite groups opt out and build fortified forts
  • archaic state shatters and never reassembles
116
Q

cycling in the archaic state

A
  • policed by elite armored warriors
  • no policing within the elite armored warrior
  • enslave local population
  • conquest frontier increase as 2(pi)r (circumference)
  • occupied territory increases (pi)r^2 (area)
  • area is growing exponentially frontier is increasing linearly
  • per capita wealth returns from the frontier drops precipitously
  • wealth is cycling
  • populations increase there is no agricultural or economic progress though -> income inequality
  • government has issues management local elites -> they dont want to pay taxes
  • state cant afford to expand frontier conquests
  • as empire grows in size and population it hits a point and collapses
117
Q

changes in local logic for archaic state elites as states grows

A
  • less conquest wealth per capita coming back from the frontier
  • fewer people capita conquest opportunities of ambitious young elite members
  • lower return per unit policed within the existing state due to deteriorating per capita productivity and ever growing elite wealth extraction
  • returns on elite-elite coercion become too low to sustain state
118
Q

mayan collaspe

A
  • violence destroyed the maya
  • civil war
  • local fortifications
  • mayan cycling
119
Q

roman collapse

A
  • cycling
  • conquest
  • hierarchical ruled Neolithic societies
  • no fortifications
  • economic system deteriorated
  • locals were opting out -> dont want to pay taxes
  • little city state develop -> empire fragments
120
Q

fortification

A
  • difficult to attack
  • costs of coercive attack is large
  • gun powder changes this -> takes them down
  • reassemble the archaic states -> stable
121
Q

gun powder

A
  • kerosene lamp
  • oil is heated and combusts with oxygen in the air
  • oxidizing chemical replaces the atmospheric oxygen with gun powder
  • fuel -charcoal
  • oxidizing agent- potassium nitrate (microbial fermentation)
  • catalyst- sulfur (mined)
  • black powder
  • drive revolution of early modern states
122
Q

western european colonialism

A
  • rise of modern state first in west
  • west all speak english
  • historical accident
  • produced by the local arrival of gun powder
123
Q

japan: gun powder

A
  • portuguese bring gun powder
  • make artillery
  • cannons
  • sparks civil war -> unified
  • cycles
  • early modern state- tokugawa shogunate
124
Q

matchlock (arquebus)

A

-difficult to use and dangerous

125
Q

wheelock

A
  • effective, but complex and expensive

- elite weapon

126
Q

flintlock

A
  • effective, simple and inexpensive
  • handgun
  • democratization of the modern state revolution
  • commoner militias swept up elite warriors -> modern democratized state
  • accessible
  • democratized
127
Q

lying

A
  • control of information

- hostile manipulation and suppression of commoner information exchange- suppress information

128
Q

democratized

A

-encourage social doubt and challenge motivated reasoning -> knowledge

129
Q

hierarchical

A
  • suppresses social doubt (no questioning) and encourage motivated reasoning -> ignorance
  • no questioning bc the elite lie
130
Q

mathlusian block

A
  • as population increases agriculture needs to
  • there is no money or resources (knowledge) to make it better
  • after 1710 money and resources are available bc of the democratization of the state by flintlock
  • knowledge, money, agriculture, resources explode
  • second agricultural revolution
  • you only win at someone else loss
  • hierarchal case
131
Q

democratization of the modern state

A
  • gunpowder handgun
  • modern music
  • modern literature
  • modern technology
  • second agricultural revolution
  • bc of flintlock
  • money
  • agriculture
  • coercive threat
  • american revolution, french revolution, glorious revolution, meiji restoration (later bc hand gun comes later)
  • re-democratize access to coercive threat
  • same adaptive power on a much larger scale bc it allows specialization (cooperation)
  • massive adaptive sophistication expansion
  • 50x richer
  • explosion
  • life expectancy explodes -> sanitary, nutrition,
132
Q

south korea and north korea

A
  • extremely different GPD

- north korea is not democratized

133
Q

meiji restoration

A
  • civil war
  • arrival of gunpowder handguns
  • modern revolution
134
Q

body armor

A
  • complex cycling behavior
  • elite warriors control large commoner populations
  • expand as largely as they can BUT limited by the elites to control their own conflicts of interest
  • this state will grow as long as it is wealthy so that it minimizes elite conflict of interest
  • as it expands economic distress is inevitably and collapses
  • economic stresses inevitable in a growing maturing kleptocratic archaic state eventually create severe and unmanageable elite conflicts of interest
  • invention of gun powder -> states are stabilized
135
Q

bubble incubator

A
  • protected from elite european power
  • no control tho
  • democratized colonies
  • we still got resources and traded them out
  • accidental
  • by the time of american revolution -> we were better fed and wealthy -> british tax us
  • we were better fed (taller and healthier) -> we won
136
Q

civil war: US

A
  • south was great soil -> cotton, Tabaco
  • south- confederacy -> wealth hierarchy
  • north union -> mercantile democratized economy
  • white militias control African American slaves
  • once we gain the land to the west of the mississippi river -> we have to decide if north or south controls
137
Q

gettysburg address

A
  • government of the people, by the people for the people, shall not perish from the earth
  • democracy
138
Q

re-emergence

A

-of the democratic state

139
Q

interest groups

A
  • we keep people in separate interest groups
  • xenophobia
  • they dont want us to form combined coalitions to revolt
  • sexual inequality? -> only elite males were dominants
  • non-elite males were not dominant either
140
Q

female anatomy

A
  • we have evolution/designed to throw
  • men have evolved to be in competitive with each other -> more muscles
  • female have more fat for babies
  • its not muscle that matter its the amount of throwers
  • conjoint threat not just one elite person
  • non-elite men, women, and children can use bows
  • interest of all in the cooperative group contributing to decisive coercive threat would have been served -> democratized access
141
Q

partial re-democratization of social units

A
  • only partial
  • flint lock
  • flint lock was only given to men
142
Q

entrenched power

A
  • difficult to overturn once stable
    1. control over decisive coercive threat is not majority held
      1. proximate psychology of hierarchy: divide and conquer by triggering xenophobia
  • once the hierarchy is taken down the people who were next in line just take all that power
143
Q

french revolution

A
  • starvation
  • poverty
  • biproduct mutualism among all the starving people
  • economy is so bad everyone is poverty -> overthrow
  • women are armed with spears, sticks (not flint lock)
  • it was the numbers of people that mattered not the weapon
  • you would think that women would be apart of political structure after they fought -> but they still couldnt vote
  • the people next in line to power just took over -> democracy of the arms
144
Q

education

A
  • doesnt give you power

- power gives you education

145
Q

where was there no entrenched power

A
  • united states
  • mix of accidents
  • french, colonists, native americans
  • protected from the entrenched power
  • accidental incubator of radical democracy (in north)
146
Q

westward expansion

A
  • women and children have guns
  • flint lock
  • protection
147
Q

iroquois confederaton

A
  • heavily democratized
  • six nations
  • great law of peace -> democracy based on the consent of the governed
  • leader not masters
  • impeachment
  • leaders- servants of the people
  • political participation by women
  • checks and balance
  • no state religion
  • council chiefs nominated by women and removed by women (maternity certainty)
  • American constitution took from this
148
Q

progression of gun

A
  • gets more and more advanced
  • less opportunity cost
  • more accessible
  • less entrenched power
  • women could get it
  • annie oakley -> women can shoot and better than men
149
Q

pan-global revolution

A

-aircraft and missles
-coercion of other nations
-global coalition
-this revolution is happening at the same time as democratization of modern state
-supported by social coercion theory
-sparked by aircraft
-all weapons that have planetary range
-

150
Q

imperial japan and nazi germany

A
  • japanese conquered much of asia
  • nazi is conquering europe
  • japan attacks america -> we develop aircraft
  • america flood japanese and nazi out in the air
  • fire bomb campaigns -> carpet bomb
  • cruise missiles- specific targetting -> civilians are less at risk and leadership is more at risk
151
Q

WW2

A
  • global
  • engulfed everyone
  • even elites
152
Q

nuclear weapons in panglobal social coercion

A
  • extreme coercive threat
  • atomic bombs- based on fission of large nuclei
  • these were used in WW2 -> on japan
  • energy from decomposition of large uranium or plutonium nuclei
  • hydrogen bombs- fusion or energy from fusion of hydrogen nuclei (suns energy source) -> much larger
  • global coercion- permanent
153
Q

social structure

A

determined by distribution of coercive power

-who hold coercive power

154
Q

elite manipulation

A

-of information exchange

155
Q

democratization of all modern states

A
  • future revolution
  • will be the most massive revolution (democratization of modern state is massive)
  • driven by pan-global coalition
  • another outcome is that we fail to democratized -> de-democratization of modern state -> poverty
156
Q

contemporary states

A
  • authoritarianism- controlled by elites
  • elite monopoly
  • or democracy
157
Q

global hierarchal states

A
  • global coercion will enforce collusive cooperation of elites between state often in opposition to the interest of domestic majorities
  • authoritarian state are warlike- elites can reap benefits of aggression while foisting its costs on to commoners
  • democratizing authoritarian state eliminates need for vast military investments by democracies -> further increase in human welfare
158
Q

global democracy states

A
  • global coercion will enforce cooperation serving the interest of domestic majorities
  • knowledge and wealth
159
Q

mixed cases

A
  • this is right now

- mix of hierarchal states and democratized

160
Q

contemporary democratized united states

A
  • we were the force that was responsible for defeating global imperialism
  • isolated bubble- incubator for initial state level democratization
  • democratization is bad but its the best
161
Q

collusion

A

-working with each other often not publicly (secret)

162
Q

police

A
  • capable of serious misconduct
  • in democracies police act on our behalf
  • we can police the police
  • requires democratized threat and free commoner information exchange
163
Q

second civil war

A
  • european take over confederacy
  • jim crow
  • african american cant vote
  • apartide
  • share cropping
164
Q

african americans

A
  • they could fight in the war -> gave coercive power
  • martin luther king - information was spread
  • public display of peaceful and implicit coercive threat
  • led to voting rights act and civil rights act
  • racism affects us all -> takes power away -> xenophobia -> divide and conquer
165
Q

modern authoritarian state

A

-weapons are able to be controlled by the state
-totalitarian state
-produce extreme asymmetry to access to coercive power
-extreme- no one is armed
-vastly expanded police and domestic military
-public intimidation
-divide and conquer- xenophobia (racism)
-commoner information exchange is weaponized and suppressed
-

166
Q

afghan parliament

A
  • fundamentalist islamic party
  • small elites can claim to be fundamentally superior
  • hierarchs needs to project coercive threat
  • need to turn women into property
  • radical subgroups
  • mind is broken by hierarchal society
167
Q

exchange information

A

-freely so we agree on policies

168
Q

tiananmen square protests

A
  • people in china dont even know about this

- chinese genocide from the government

169
Q

massive concentration of wealth

A
  • rewriting tax and investment laws
  • tax cuts
  • enrich the oligarchs
  • billion bubble babies
  • invest in racist things bc they want to control
170
Q

proximate psychology

A
  • mind is a proximate device

- mind is designed to navigate the human social world (not understand) -> democratic and hierarchal

171
Q

protests

A
  • paid agitators
  • manipulation
  • once paid agitators come into play the peaceful protest becomes violent
  • people then fear them
  • divide and conquer
172
Q

alcohol consumption of college students

A
  • misperception of number
  • misperception of how many people drink and how much
  • many students misperceived where the power was
  • showing these numbers worked (nothing else does)
  • manipulated
  • thought a lot of people drank to be cool
173
Q

grass roots

A
  • popular movements from the ground up
  • represent the majority of the population
  • astro turf- fake grass root movement
174
Q

hierarchical attacks on climate change

A
  • fossil fuels corporations, global corporations, elites that have money invested -> they lose if climate change is supported
  • fill it with misinformation
  • divide and conquer
  • who is funding the research?
175
Q

humanity becomes an adaptive opportunity

A
  • because we all insist on it from each other
  • caretakers are well paid
  • everyone can be educated
176
Q

control of access to credible threat

A

-not political party, not race, not religion

177
Q

cooperative coalitions

A
  • can solve climate change

- we are too fearful

178
Q

why are we so confident

A
  • it is so simply
  • predicts the details of our historical record
  • evolved kinship independent social cooperation and expanded this scale vastly
179
Q

elite coercive monopoly

A
  • poverty

- democratic distribution of coercive technology -> prosperity

180
Q

adaptive revolution

A
  • depends on our genetic redesign
  • comes from our cooperation mainly*
  • social events -> they are explosive so we know it cant be genetic
181
Q

behaviorally modern revolution

A
  • comes form novel weapon
  • tools and art
  • invading new regions
  • larger scales of cooperation
  • atlatl- africa -> initiates revolution
  • behaviorally modern humans travel -> displace Neanderthals -> not a species displacement we still carry their genes
  • 50k years ago
182
Q

social psychology

A
  • confirmation bias- once we believe something to be true (from our group that we trust) be selectively look at evidence that supports it
  • source bias- when we hear something from someone within our group we accept vice versa
  • we assume outgroup people are using hostile manipulation
  • we should falsify (but we dont)
  • xenophobia
  • psychological mechanisms
  • exploited by elites in the contemporary environment
183
Q

cognitive (ethical) mechanisms

A
  • higher purpose
  • conformity
  • moral outrage
  • guilt
  • beliefs serve majoirty consensual interest
  • highly adaptive
  • genetically programmed to have ethical beliefs but what we use is programmed by the society/culture
  • elite society- doesnt pursue our interest -> we are influenced to conform
  • social beliefs are negotiate based on social threat
  • serve elite consensual interest -> submission
  • elites use xenophobia to divide and conquer
  • can have ethical mechanisms without genotype
  • but genotype is programed by culture
184
Q

democratization of modern state

A
  • global access to coercive threat

- flintlock

185
Q

12,000 years ago

A

Humans lived almost exclusively on wild foods (hunted and gathered) until just ~12,000 years ago, when many different plants were domesticated rapidly at many different locations around the world.

186
Q

religon

A
  • christianity
  • judaism
  • islam
  • hinduism
187
Q

motivated reasoning

A
  • used in hierarchy
  • make decisions or pass judgment on biased information
  • doesnt reflect the evidence
188
Q

american property law

A

-American property law was primarily developed by ongoing political negotiation among the democratized citizens of the state throughout the 19th Century

189
Q

women voting

A

-The 19th Amendment did not pass until the early 20th Century; this timing is consistent with the prediction that voting by women reflected the recovery of ancestral democratization driven by recovery of democratized access to coercive threat.

190
Q

thermonuclear

A

exploit fusion of small nuclear, yielding energies in the megaton range, and were deployed only for threat never in military action

191
Q

elite hunting

A

-evolution of elite hunting involved the evolution of a novel elite killing
skill

Sexual Behavior (4 decks)

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