Bio 2 Flashcards
are phosphates hydrophilic
yes
are lipids hydrophilic
no
what is a phospholipid bilayer
a semi-permeable membrane with lipids on the inside and phosphates on the outside, organised in double layers
what do the fluids that permeate the membrane (or get transported across need to have)
small & non-polar
(water is polar but very small so it bypasses)
(glucose is non-polar but too large)
where is dna stored
in a cells nucelus
what does the ER do
endoplasmic reticulum
- makes carbs, proteins, lipids
what do ribosomes do
make protein
what is the golgi apparatus for
packages & processes what comes out of the ER
what does endopasmic reticulum look like
squiggly line
what do ribosomes look like
dots
what does GA look like
bundles
what are chloroplasts and why are they unique
- only in plants not humans
- responsible for photosynthesis to convert UV to ATP
what do plant cells have that animals don’t
a cell wall - both have a membrane but the membrane for plants is inside the cell wall
what are the parts of the cell cycle
G1 - preparing for dna replication & cell maintenance
S - synthesis & dna replication
G2 - prepare for division (doubling of all organelles)
M - true division (mitosis/meiosis)
what is mitosis
occurs in non-germ cells (not sperm/egg)
IPMAT
interphase - dna synthesis (doubles, chromosomes STAY at same number but look different (like a K/X))
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
how do we calculate the number of cells for mitosis
2^n where n is number of divisions
what is unique about chromosomes in mitosis
they don’t exist in pairs
in anaphase they get ripped apart
eventually becoming 2 separate nuclei with same information (unless mutation occurs)
how do we calculate the number of cells in meiosis
4^n where n is number of divisions
what do we get out of mitosis
2 genetically identical daughter cells, parent cell no longer exists
what is meiosis
- for germ cells
- want half the genetic information
- chromosomes line up in pairs rather than in single file
- crossover so a bit of dna is shared in both
- separated into 2 cells & divided again so the genetic information in every cell is slightly different (4 different chromosomes)
- 4 daughter cells that are genetically different
what are the complimentary base patterns for dna
G goes with C
A goes with T
