bio 182

Question 0

Aristotle and his influence

Answer 0

Scala Nature (scale of nature)

Question 1

Plato and his influence

Answer 1

Idealism / essentialism

Question 2

Cuvier’s influence

Answer 2

catastrophism

Question 3

Malthus’ influence

Answer 3

struggle for existence

Question 4

Lamarck’s influence

Answer 4

Evolution by acquired characteristics

Question 5

Darwin’s influnce

Answer 5

evolution by natural selection

Question 6

Wallace’s influence

Answer 6

Independently hypothesized evolution by natural selection

Question 7

Linnaeus’ influence

Answer 7

Taxonomy

Question 8

Hudson’s influence

Answer 8

Gradualism

Question 9

Lyell’s influence

Answer 9

Uniformitarianism

Question 10

how did fossil evidence from cuvier / lamarck and geological theroies from hudson / lyell help shape darwin’s view

Answer 10

Darwin now had evidence tht species have changed over time through the sights of strata. Darwin disagreed w/ some of lamarck ideas ,such as: use and disuse or organisms have an innate to become more complex. but did agree on variation through inheritance but in a different way.

Question 11

The voyage of the Beagle be able to describe observations made at both locations and how they influenced darwin.

Answer 11

he assumed tht the finches would b similar from back home due to the same climate./… but he was wrong the Galapagos finches were much like the finches from S.A. bcuz they originated there and began to live on these islands adapting to their environment and slowly evolving. One of the adaptaions wer lengths of beaks and this was significant bcuz the size of food they had to eat.

Question 12

summarize the observations and inferences tht make up the theory of natural selection ? First how many obs. / inferences and there order

Answer 12

OBS 1) pop. have tremendous reproductive potential
OBS 2) Pop. tend to be more stable
OBS 3) Resources are limited (Malthus 1798)
INF 1) Production of excess offspring leads to a struggle for existence; only a fraction of the offspring born will survive to reproduce.
OBS 4) ind. vary within pop
OBS 5) Much of this variation is heritable
INF 2) Some variants will b better able to survive and reproduce in their environment .
INF 3) the reproductive differential between variants in the pop will lead to a gradual change in the pop. , w/ favorable traits (adaptations) accumulating over the generations.