Bio 170 Exam 3 Flashcards
What are the primitive features of bryophytes?
Non vascular
Flagellate sperm
Seedless
Gametophyte dominate life cycle stage
What are the unifying traits of the plantae kingdom?
Eukaryotic
Photoaututrophic
Multicellular
Primarily terrestrial
Are the bryophytes closely related?
No.
Are sporophytes diploid or haploid?
Sporophytes are diploid and produce haploid spores via meosis
What are the 2 classes of bryophytes?
Bryidae Sphagnidae (peat moss = spaghum)
What are the three types of plants under the kingdom plantae?
Bryophytes
Seedless vascular plants
Seed bearing vascular plants
What is the role of the calyptra in the moss life cycle?
It is a protective sheath over the capsule
How is spore discharge regulated in mosses?
Regulated by peristomal teeth
True or False. Peristomal teeth are not a defining taxonomic feature
False.
What is a seta?
The stalk of a moss sporophyte
What permits spore discharge in moss sporangium?
The operculum, which covers the opening of the capsule
What are the moss gametangia?
Antheridium
Archegonia
True or false. You will never see sporophytes without gametophytes. But you will see gametophytes without sporophytes.
True
What is the ecological importance of moss?
Nutrient cycling. Absorb carbon dioxide.
Water cycling
Soil stabilization
Are missed nutrientional?
No. Not worth eating.
True or False. Missed decompose well.
False.
What allows sphagnum to retain so much water?
Cluster together and usually dominate a site
Spaghum leaf features hyaline cells that are hollow and have pores to allow water in
True of False. Peat moss is a renewable energy source.
True.
Peat bogs found in Western Europe and Canada 20% of Ireland’s energy comes from peat combustion. Clean burning. Low in sulfur
What affects can sphagnum have on substrate/soil conditions?
Acidic
Hydric
Cold
Partially anaerobic
What are the two phyla of vascular plants?
Lycophyta (club mosses, resurrection plant)
Monilophyta (pterophyta)
Ferns horsetails whisk ferns
How long ago did vascular plants first appear?
420 mya
What is the fossil evidence of vascular plants?
Cooksonia.
Complete fossil was found of cooksonia.
What are the features of vascular plants?
Xylem Phloem Below ground roots Water proof cuticle Stomata Sporophyte dominate life cycle
What is xylem?
Allows for water/nutrient transport
Cells are dead at maturity and form hollow tubes. Which provides route for water and nutrients
What does movement of water through xylem require?
Transpiration
What is phloem?
Sugar (sucrose) transport
Cells are living
Transports sugars from photosynthesis to or from roots
True or False. Heterosporous plants have 1 kind of sporangia.
False.
2 kinds
Microsporangia
Megasporangia
What is the 2nd most diverse group of vascular plants?
Monilophytes.
When were seedless vascular plants at their evolutionary apex?
During the Carboniferous Period. (345mya)
The supergroup Unikonta is characterized by what simple feature?
a single flagellum
How do fungi feed?
Through their hyphae. They absorb nutrients around them.
What are the 5 phyla of fungi?
Chytrids (chytridiomycota) Zygotomycota Glomeromycota (arbuscular mycorrihaizal fungi) Ascomycota (sac fungi) Basidiomycota (club fungi)
Which fungal phyla is the most primitive? Why?
The chytridiomycota.
Presumed earliest descendants of fungi. Used to be with Protista
What is endomycorrugizae? And what fungal phyla is involved?
Plant reciprocal relationship.
Glomeromycota are involved.
Plant provides fungus with carbs
Fungus provides greater potential for water uptake/nutrients
What is the spore forming structure in sac fungi?
Sac refers to sexual spore forming structure = ascus
What is the sexual spore forming structure in basidiomycotas?
Basidium.
