Bio 170 Exam 2 Flashcards
What is primary endosymbiosis?
Structural, biochemical, and DNA sequence data indicate that mitochondria and plastids derived from prokaryotes that were engulfed by the ancestors of early eukaryotic cells
What is the endosymbiont theory?
The theory that mitochondria and plastids including chloroplasts originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by a host cell. The engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism
What is secondary endosymbiosis?
The ancestor from primary endosymbiosis then diversified into red and green algae, some of which that where them engulfed by other eukaryotes.
What supergroup have members with an excavated groove on one side of the cell body?
Excavata
Do Parabasalids have mitochondria?
They have reduced mitochondria called hydrogenosomes
What is the defining characteristic of diplomonads?
Have reduced mitochondria called mitosomes. And are primarily parasitic.
What is the defining characteristic of the phyla euglenozoans?
Presence of a rod with either a spiral or a crystalline structure inside each flagella
What are the two subphylums of Euglenozoans?
Kinetoplastids
Euglenids
True or false. Euglenids derived from primary endosymbiosis.
False. Derived from secondary endosymbiosis. Green algae side.
The SAR clade was formally called?
Supergroup Chromoveolata
Name the phylums of the SAR clade
Stramenopila
Alveolata
Rhizaria
True or False. The SAR clade was derived from red algae secondary endosymbiosis
True.
What are the defining characteristics of stramenopila?
2 unequal flagella. One hairy. One short and smooth.
Water molds (oomycetes) are fungi. True or False.
False. They were formally classified as fungi because of filamentous growth that resembles fungal hyphae during their feeding phase. But they are not fungi. Their cell walls contain cellulose while fungis contain chitin.
What is responsible for the Irish Potato Famine and Sudden Oak Death?
Terrestrial Oomycetes.
What are bacillariophyta?
Diatoms.
What two shapes can a frustule take on?
Centric.
Pennate. Bilateral symmetry.
What is the largest most complex algae?
Brown algae.
What is the most abundant eukaryotic life form?
Diatoms.
What are kelp forests harvested for?
Alginic acid. Which is an emulsifier, used to maintain hydration in tooth pastes, paint, ice cream, etc
What distinguishes the phylum aveolata?
Membrane bound alveoli at cell apex
What are the most complex unicellular organisms?
Ciliates.
Plasmodium is an example of what subphylum in the phylum Aveolata?
Apiocomplexian
Describe alternation of generations
Alternating between asexual and sexual reproduction
