BIO 168 CH.2 (PT.1)

Question 1

what is matter composed of?

Answer 1

atoms

Question 2

96% of human body weight contains what?

Answer 2

hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen

Question 3

what atom has a +1 charge, located in the nucleus, and 1 AMU

Answer 3

protons

Question 4

what atom has a -1 charge, arranged AROUND the nucleus, and atomic mass is negligible (so small its not important)

Answer 4

electrons

Question 5

what atom has no charge, located in the nucleus, and 1 AMU

Answer 5

neutrons

Question 6

what is the atomic number of an element?

Answer 6

number of protons in every atom of that element

Question 7

what is atomic mass

Answer 7

the number of protons AND neutrons in an atom of element

Question 8

of protons (p)=

Answer 8

atomic number

Question 9

of neutrons (n)=

Answer 9

atomic mass minus atomic number

Question 10

of electrons (e)=

Answer 10

= to atomic number in a neural atom

Question 11

isotopes are

Answer 11

atoms with the same element but with different neutrons
ex. C-12 has 6 neutrons, C-13 has 7 neutrons

Question 12

an Ion is a

Answer 12

charged atom, they either lost or gained a bit. has an electrical charge

Question 13

cations have a

Answer 13

positive charge

Question 14

anions have a

Answer 14

negative charge

Question 15

a ionic bond is when a

Answer 15

cation and anion are attracted to each other by opposite charges

Question 16

each atom shared are called

Answer 16

covalent bonds

Question 17

isomers are

Answer 17

molecules with the same numbers, and atoms but in a different order

Question 18

C-H bonds are (Carbon and Hydrogen)

Answer 18

nonpolar

Question 19

2 atoms with equal electronegativity do what

Answer 19

they share electrons equally and make a nonpolar covalent bond

Question 20

2 atoms with unequal electronegativity do what

Answer 20

they share electrons unequally and make polar covalent bonds

Question 21

O=O, C-H, and C-C are examples of what kind of bond

Answer 21

nonpolar

Question 22

O-H, C=O, N-H, N-O are examples of what kind of bond

Answer 22

polar

Question 23

molecules with both nonpolar and polar portions are called

Answer 23

amphipathic

Question 24

Functions of water in the body are

Answer 24

transportation, lubrication, cushioning, excretion, and thermoregulation

Question 25

do nonpolar molecules dissolve in water?

Answer 25

NO, they exclude from it and push together

Question 26

do hydrophilic (polar) dissolve in water

Answer 26

YES

Question 27

do pH measure hydrogen ions found in the solution?

Answer 27

YES

Question 28

Strong acids release more ____ than weak acids

Answer 28

hydrogen (H+)

Question 29

Strong bases accept more ___ than weak bases

Answer 29

hydrogen (H+)

Question 30

A decomposition reaction..

Answer 30

a large reactant molecule that broken down into smaller molecules. CATABOLIC.
ex: AB–> A + B

Question 31

A synthesis reaction..

Answer 31

small molecules that are combined together to produce a larger molecule. ANABOLIC.
ex: A+B–> AB

Question 32

A exchange reaction..

Answer 32

is when parts of a chemical structures are exchanged
ex: AB + C–> A + BC

Question 33

monomers within RNA and DNA are linked together through a special type of covalent bond called a(n)

Answer 33

phosphodiester bond