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Year 9-10 > bio > Flashcards

bio Flashcards

1
Q

Species

A

A species is a group of organisms who can reproduce to make fertile offspring.

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2
Q

Continuous variation

A

Things we measure! Can have fractions or decimal points. (Eg. height, weight, etc.)

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3
Q

Discontinuous variation

A

Things we count! Normally a whole number. (Eg. eye colour, blood type, etc.)

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4
Q

3 thinks that influence variation

A

inheritance, mutations and enviroment

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5
Q

DNA containts

A

Contains the instructions for the growth and function of all living things

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6
Q

DNA’s shape and what it’s made off.

A

DNA is a double stranded helix shaped molecule made of things called nucleotides.

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7
Q

What DNA backbon maade off?

A

From sugar phosphate

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8
Q

Pairs of nucleotoid bases

A

Ademin always pairs with Thymine
Cystonine always pairs with Guanine

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9
Q

1.A strand of DNA is called a ___
.2.Chromosomes are found in the ___.
3.A length of DNA that codes for a trait is called a ___.

A

1.Chromosome
2.Nucleus
3.Gene

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10
Q

What should I do for extracting DNA?

A

Extracting the DNA

  1. Place fruit in a Ziploc bag and mash for 3 minutes
  2. Add 2 ml of water, a pinch of salt and 5 drops of washing up liquid
  3. Gently mash for 3 minutes
  4. Setup a clamp stand and filter funnel and filter the mixture into a clean beaker

Observing the DNA

  1. Pour 10ml of filtered solution into a clean boiling tube
  2. Slowly pour ethanol into the boiling tube. They need to be 2 separate layer, do not let them mix.
    7.Wait
  3. Use a wooden splint remove any DNA that appears.
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11
Q

Gene

A

A gene is a piece of DNA that controls one thing about an organism (eg. height)

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12
Q

Allele

A

An allele is all the possible versions of a gene (eg. tall, medium, small etc)

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13
Q

Phenotype
Genotype

A

Appearance of the organism
The alleles that lead to appearance

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14
Q

The dominant (genoptype)
The recessive (genoptype)

A

Is the characteristic that shows up
Is often “hidden”

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15
Q

Homozygous
Heterozygous

A

In genotype has only dominant/recessive
In genotype there are dominant and recessive

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16
Q

Gametes

A

Sperm and egg cells

17
Q

4 stages of natural selection

A
  1. Variation
  2. Competition
  3. Adaptations
  4. Selection
18
Q

Variation

A

Differences between individuals within a species.

19
Q

Adaptation

A

Adjusting organisms to chnages in environments

20
Q

Natural selection

A

A process by which a species changes over time in to survive in a new conditions.

21
Q

Selection Pressure

A

External conditions which affect an organism’s ability to survive in a given environment.

22
Q

Control groups

A

A group of an experiment that doesn’t receive any treatment at all.

23
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Crating nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.

24
Q

Parts of the flower

A

Flower, stem, leaf, seed and roots

25
Q

Cotyledon

A

An embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, which are the first leaves to appear from a germinating seed.

26
Q

Hypocotyl

A

The part of the stem of an embryo plant beneath the stalks of the seed leaves or cotyledons and directly above the root.

27
Q

Radicle

A

The part of a plant embryo that develops into the primary root.

28
Q

Epicotyl

A

The region of an embryo or seedling stem above the cotyledon.

29
Q

Seed coat

A

The hard protective outer covering of a seed.

30
Q

Respiration (plants)

A

The process of respiration in plants involves using the sugars produced during photosynthesis plus oxygen to produce energy for plant growth.

31
Q

Endosperm

A

The part of a seed which acts as a food store for the developing plant embryo

31
Q

Name of all reaserach phases

A

Research phase
Planning phase
Practical phase
Analysis phase
Conclusion

32
Q

Plumule

A

he shoot or bud of a plant embryo or seedling that is located between the cotyledons and grows into the stem and leaves.

Year 9-10 (6 decks)

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