Bio 121 Final Exam Prep Flashcards
Scientific Method(6 steps)
1.Ask a question
2.Conduct basic research
3.Construct a hypothesis
4.Test the prediction
5.Analyze data and draw conclusions
6.Communicate Results
Null hypothesis
No difference between groups or there is no relationship between variables
Alternative hypothesis
What you think might be happening
T-test
the difference between 2 groups or a group and a standard value is statistically significant
Pearson correlation
measures the strength of the linear relationship between 2 variables
Scatterplot
Use dots to represent values for 2 different numeric variables
Bar graph
plots numeric values for levels of a categorical feature as bars
Diabetes symptoms
Urinating often, feeling very thirsty, very hungry even after eating, extreme fatigue, blurry vision, cut/bruises that heal slow, unintentional weight loss, tingling, pain or numbness in hands and feet
Osmosis
movement of water through a membrane from a region of high water to low water concentration
Hypertonic
High Blood sugar
Hypotonic
Low Blood Sugar
Role of Insulin and its pathway
Helps glucose from food get into your cells to be used for energy , Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and Active transport
Simple Diffusion
Solute moves down its concentration gradient, from high to low concentration
Facilitate Diffusion
Solute needs help from proteins to enter the cell, moving down the gradient, from high to low
Active Transport
Moves substances against the gradient from low to high concentration
Glycemic Index Factors
measuring how it affects blood sugar levels over time
Macromolecules
Carbohydrates, lipid, protein and nucleic acid
Testing Carbohydrates
Benedict’s Test( color change), Iodine Test ( starch solution)
Testing Lipids
Sudan Iv test( if the red mixes or is clumpy)
Testing Proteins
Biuret Test( blue/no protein, purple/ protein)
Metabolism
the series of reactions and processes catalyzed by enzymes which together maintain life
Crawfish Testing
tested by using the CO2 produced as a bi-product of the metabolic process
Cellular Respiration Equation
Glucose & Oxygen(reactants) »_space;Water, Carbon dioxide & Energy(products)
Cellular Respiration Testing
Placing crawfish in a solution and seeing if the solution turns colors making the solution more acidic
Photosynthesis
Water & Carbon Dioxide(reactants)»_space;+light» Glucose & Oxygen(products)
Photosynthesis Texting
Used different types of light to test the absorbance
DNA analysis
a scientific tool that can be used for many purpose such as testing to see what kind of animal or person you are testing
6 Steps
1.Sample Processing: Bushmeat Samples
2.Digestion & Extraction:
3.Polymerase chain reaction: copies of original DNA strands
4.Gel Electrophoresis: separate DNA strands base on length
5.Sequencing: A=T, G=C
6.Blasting: Find what kind of DNA we have
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction, makes copies of DNA fragment from 1 original copy
Positive control
Salt, charged sodium ions
Negative Control
Sugar phosphate backbone
Electrophoresis
method used to separate DNA strands by size and determine the size of the separate strands by comparing them to strands of a known length
Bushmeat
is meat from wild animals that are hunted and consumed by humans
Bushmeat related to Covid 19
Wild animals hold many diseases. When the people started to kill and eat the animals the humans then became affected by these diseases and that started to get really sick and die. Poaching of elephants can create an increase in cases of COVID 19
DNA Processing
Sequencing and Blasting
