Bio 120 Final Flashcards
3 domains of life on a phylogenetic tree
- Bacteria
- Eucarya
- Archaea
defining features of living organisms
-cells
-replication
-information
-energy
-evolution
laws, theories, and hypotheses compare to each other?
Law: explains how something works
Theory: an explanation that is supported by wide body of evidence
Hypotheses: proposed and testable explanation
elements of a scientific experiment that allow us to test
hypotheses
-a normal group
-experimental conditions
-test was repeated
relationship between atomic numbers and mass numbers
for an element
Atomic #: number of protons in the atom
Mass #: number of protons and neutrons
meant by the average mass number for an
element
the naturally occurring isotopes based on their abundance
covalent and ionic bonds compare
Covalent: unpaired electrons are shared by 2 atoms
Ionic: attraction between oppositely charged ions
polar vs. nonpolar
determined by the number of protons and the distance of the valence shell from the nucleus
kinds of interactions can occur between 2 different molecules
hydrophobic interactions
monomer that comes together to make proteins
amino acids
different functional groups are found in this monomer
-amino fun. group
-carboxyl fun. group
part of this monomer confers its individuality compared to the
others
side chain
tell what chemistry it has (4 steps)
-side chain have a neg. charge
-side chain have a pos. charge
-side chain uncharged, oxygen atom?
-if answers are all no then…
call the bonds that form between the different monomers
of a protein
peptide bond
difference between a condensation reaction and a
hydrolysis reaction
Condensation: water is let out
Hydrolysis: water is let in
different forces contribute to the different structural hierarchies of
protein structure
hydrogen, ionic, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bond
two types of nucleic acids we have in our cells
- DNA
- RNA
monomer that comes together to make nucleic acids
nucleotide
different functional groups are found in this monomer
phosphate group, carbon sugar and nitrogenous
bonds that form between the different
monomers of a protein
peptide bond
information was critical for Watson and Crick when they
published their structure of DNA
-that DNA was double stranded
-in a 5>3 order
differences between RNA and DNA
RAN has sugar(single strand), DNA does not have sugar(double strand)
molecule is most
likely the first “living” molecule and why
RNA: info. processing, replication, evolution
naming strategy for carbohydrate molecules
number of carbon atoms