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Biology 1113 > Bio 1113: Lecture 1 (scientific method) > Flashcards

Bio 1113: Lecture 1 (scientific method) Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of life

A

Five shared traits defining all living organisms.

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2
Q

Energy from the sun

A

Primary energy source for most life forms.

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3
Q

Biological organization

A

Different levels of complexity in living systems.

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4
Q

Evolution

A

Process explaining unity and diversity of life.

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5
Q

Scientific knowledge

A

Always evolving based on new evidence.

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6
Q

Humoral theory

A

Historical medical theory based on bodily fluids.

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7
Q

Hypothesis

A

Tentative explanation allowing falsifiable predictions.

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8
Q

Theory

A

Broadly supported explanation of phenomena, testable.

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9
Q

Laws

A

Distillation of repeated observations, often mathematical.

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10
Q

Cell Theory

A

All living things are composed of cells.

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11
Q

Theory of Evolution

A

Explains the diversity of life through natural selection.

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12
Q

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

A

Genetic information is carried on chromosomes.

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13
Q

Laws of Thermodynamics

A

Principles governing energy and heat transfer.

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14
Q

Law of Gravity

A

Describes the attraction between masses.

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15
Q

Scientific Method

A

Systematic approach to studying natural phenomena.

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16
Q

Observation

A

Initial step of noticing and recording phenomena.

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17
Q

Question

A

Formulating inquiries based on observations.

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18
Q

Hypothesize

A

Creating a testable statement based on questions.

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19
Q

Predict

A

Forecasting outcomes based on hypotheses.

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20
Q

Testing

A

Conducting experiments to validate or refute hypotheses.

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21
Q

Conclusions

A

Final analysis based on experimental results.

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22
Q

Cyclical process

A

Iterative nature of scientific investigation and discovery.

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23
Q

Observation

A

Noticing phenomena from various sources.

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24
Q

Hypothesis

A

Tentative explanation that is testable and falsifiable.

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25
Q

Prediction

A

Statement of expected outcome if hypothesis is true.

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26
Q

Independent Variable

A

Factor manipulated to observe effects on dependent variable.

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27
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Factor measured to assess changes from independent variable.

28
Q

Testing

A

Time-consuming step involving experimental procedures.

29
Q

Peer Review

A

Process ensuring study validity by independent scientists.

30
Q

Conclusions

A

Results derived from testing a specific hypothesis.

31
Q

Scientific Method

A

Cycle of observation, hypothesis, prediction, testing, conclusions.

32
Q

Correlation

A

Statistical relationship between two variables.

33
Q

Causation

A

One event directly affecting another.

34
Q

Experimental Design

A

Plan for conducting an experiment systematically.

35
Q

Repeatability

A

Ability to replicate results under same conditions.

36
Q

Literature Review

A

Survey of existing research on a topic.

37
Q

Testable Hypothesis

A

Hypothesis that can be proven true or false.

38
Q

Falsifiable Hypothesis

A

Hypothesis that can be disproven through evidence.

39
Q

Reaction Time

A

Duration taken to respond to a stimulus.

40
Q

Accuracy

A

Degree of closeness to a true value.

41
Q

Study Groups

A

Participants divided for comparative analysis in experiments.

42
Q

Vocabulary Recall

A

Ability to remember and retrieve learned words.

43
Q

Physical Activity

A

Movement that enhances physical fitness and health.

44
Q

Experimental Groups

A

Groups subjected to different conditions in an experiment.

45
Q

Control Group

A

Group not exposed to experimental treatment for comparison.

46
Q

Control group

A

Group not receiving treatment for comparison.

47
Q

Placebo

A

Substance resembling treatment, no effect expected.

48
Q

Blind experiment

A

Subjects unaware of treatment assignment.

49
Q

Double blind experiment

A

Neither subjects nor experimenters know treatment.

50
Q

Confounding variables

A

Uncontrolled factors affecting dependent variable.

51
Q

Independent variable

A

Variable manipulated by the researcher.

52
Q

Dependent variable

A

Variable measured to assess effects.

53
Q

Experimental study

A

Research applying treatments to measure effects.

54
Q

Observational study

A

Research comparing groups without treatment application.

55
Q

Sample size

A

Number of participants in a study.

56
Q

Statistical significance

A

Confidence that results are not due to chance.

57
Q

Random assignment

A

Participants randomly placed in control or experimental groups.

58
Q

Epidemiological study

A

Observational study examining health-related states.

59
Q

Natural study

A

Observational study without manipulation of variables.

60
Q

Strength of evidence

A

Reliability of results from experimental studies.

61
Q

Psychological effects

A

Influences on subjects based on expectations.

62
Q

Manipulative study

A

Experimental study where variables are actively changed.

63
Q

Confidence in results

A

Degree of certainty about study findings.

64
Q

Study design considerations

A

Factors influencing the quality of a study.

65
Q

Random chance

A

Possibility of results occurring by luck.

66
Q

Biological statistics

A

Use of statistics in biological research.

67
Q

Study strength evaluation

A

Assessment of study design and execution quality.

Biology 1113 (7 decks)

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