BIO Flashcards
ubiquination
targets protein for degradation by proteasome
structure of purine vs pyrimidine
Purine: two rings ( G has carbonyl, adenine has amine) Pyrimidine: one ring. Uracil/T has two carbonyl, cytosine has amine)
What methodology to use to examine post-translational modifications to proteins (i.e. histone acetylation)
Western Blot
Prion
abnormally folded protein that induces a normally folded version of the protein to also adopt the abnormal structure, which is often deleterious
where in male reproductive system do gametes become motile
Epididymis. Sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, completes maturation and becomes motile in the epididymis
Why don’t microfilament lengths NOT change when sarcomere shortens in a muscle contraction?
the - end of the microfilaments are capped by Z lines, and the + ends are capped by another protein. actin monomers cannot be added or subtracted
Conjugation (bacteria)
the plasmid genes of one bacterium direct the building of a cytoplasmic bridge (sexpilus) between that organism and a bacteria lacking it
bacterial form of mating (sex reproduction)
what structure do bacteria use to carry out ox phos
PM
what stage would a nondividing cell most likely be in
Go or G1. cell remains metabolically active, but is not replicating DNA
effect of opiates on eyes
pinpoint pupils. constrict. PSNS stimulation cause iris to contract
when do mitotic divisions of oogonia occur in women
before birth
adaptive radiation
divergence of one species into multiple species over time, which can occur when subgroups of the original species are separated or isolated in different environments so that these subgroups evolve independently of one another
Hardy Weinberg
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 where p^2= freq dominant allele q^2= freq recessive 2pg= freq hetero
ectoderm
NS, epidermis
mesoderm
blood cells, connective tissue (muscles, bones), several organs (heart, gonads, kidney)
endoderm
lining of digestive tract, associated organs (i.e. liver)
which a.a. can be phosphorylated
serine and threonine (OH)
average molecular weight of a.a.
110 Da
Hill coefficient
measure of cooperativity. Hill coefficient >1 means enzyme demonstrates positive cooperativity n<1= negative cooperativity n=1: no cooperativity
catalytic efficient
kcat/km Kcat= turnover number (substrates –> product/ sec) Km= affinity
noncompetitive inhibitor
bind E and ES with same affinity decrease Vmax (not Km)
competitive inhibitor
bind in place of S, increase Km
uncompetitive
bind allosteric site after S has bound. decreases Km and Vmax (ratio might be same)
mixed inhibitor
bind allosteric site either before or after S has bound, but has higher affinity for one state over the other. if binds more readily to enzyme, Km is higher if binds more readily to ES, Km is lower DECREASE Vmax



