BIO 103- Exam 3 Flashcards
biodiversity connected
no organism lives alone, all organisms have ecological relationships with other organisms (direct or indirect), all organisms have ecological relationships with their environment, all organisms interact to form populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes
population
group of individuals of the same species that inhabit a specific region and interact with each other
community
populations of different species that live within a specific region and interact closely with each other
ecosystem
all living and non-living things in a region that interact with each other
how is energy passed from one feeding level to another?
sun (chemicals), autotrophs, herbivorous heterotrophs, carnivorous heterotrophs
what do producers need to survive?
source of energy (sunlight or chemicals) and nutrients (detritus, inorganic chemicals)
trophic levels
feeding levels or energy levels, energy is lost as you go up the levels (producers with the most energy)
producers
make their own food, autotrophs
consumers
heterotrophs (primary, secondary, tertiary)
detritus
dead organic matter
decomposers
heterotrophs that derive their energy from detritus
food chain
path of energy flow across trophic levels, linear
food web
a visual map of feeding relationships and energy flow among organisms in a community, network
competition
multiple organisms seek the same limited resource (ex: food, water shelter), negative effect on both species
intraspecific competition
competition between members of the same species
interspecific competition
competition between members of different species
exploitation
one member benefits while the other is harmed
predation (exploitation)
process by which individuals of one species (predators) capture, kill, and consume individuals of another species (prey), cyclic process
parasitism (expolitation)
a relationship in which an organism (parasite) depends on another (host)
herbivory (expolitation)
animals feed on the tissues of plants, affects growth and reproduction
defenses against herbivory
chemicals (toxic or distasteful), physical structure (thorns, spines)
mutualists
two or more species benefit from their interacts
symbiotic relationship
two species live in close association with each other and depend on each other mutually for their survival
pollination
interactions between plants and animals that result in plant pollination