Bio 102 lab

Question 1

dissecting microscope

Answer 1

used to observe and/or dissect specimens at low magnifications and in 3D

Question 2

compound microscope

Answer 2

used to observe objects at much higher magnifications and is used to observe thin specimens mounted on glass slides (2D)

Question 3

electron microscope

Answer 3

use focused beams of electrons to view images, allow scientists to observe very ting specimens

Question 4

magnification

Answer 4

ability to enlarge the image of an object

Question 5

resolution

Answer 5

ability to distinguish two or more closely spaced objects

Question 6

parts of a microscope

Answer 6

ocular lens, head, arm, stage, stage controls, course adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob, on/off switch, base, substage light, disk diaphragm, objective lenses, revolving nose piece

Question 7

magnification of object

Answer 7

ocular lens (10x) times the objective lens (4, 10, 40x)

Question 8

three rules of microscopy

Answer 8

1) always start on low power
2) always look from the side at your objective lens when changing from one power to another
3) use only the fine adjustment knob when using the longest objective lens

Question 9

basic characteristics that all cells have in common

Answer 9

1) cells are self-contained, surrounded by a plasma membrane
2) inside the membrane is the cytoplasm
3) cells of living organisms also contain DNA

Question 10

eukaryotic cells

Answer 10

have their DNA organized and packaged in multiple linear chromosomes

Question 11

plastids

Answer 11

plant cell organelles that carry out specialized functions, such as storage of starch and photosynthesis

Question 12

prokaryotic cells

Answer 12

far more simple in structure and organization than eukaryotic, DNA is organized into one circular chromosome

Question 13

three domains

Answer 13

archaea, bacteria, eukarya

Question 14

cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 14

flowing of cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells, movement distributes materials within cells more quickly

Question 15

protists

Answer 15

include a wide array of eukaryotic organisms

Question 16

scientific method

Answer 16

1) devis a question about the observed system (research question)
2) define variables
3) define treatments
4) devise hypothesis
5) devise experiment
6) perform experiment and collect data
7) analyze data

Question 17

independent variable

Answer 17

the factor that is being manipulated

Question 18

dependent variable

Answer 18

the factor that shows a response to the manipulations of the independent variable

Question 19

standardized variables

Answer 19

all the variables that are held constant between the treatments

Question 20

treatment group

Answer 20

a group that is subjected to the same level of the independent variable?

Question 21

control group

Answer 21

the group that typically has the independent variable removed

Question 22

null hypothesis

Answer 22

there will be no change (hypothesis= “will have effect/change)

Question 23

if the p value is low (less than .05)

Answer 23

reject the null

Question 24

if the p value is high (greater than .05)

Answer 24

cannot reject the null

Question 25

experimental design

Answer 25

1) use adequate replication
2) you can’t make up for a small number of individuals by having each person perform more tests
3) avoid bias

Question 26

descriptive statistics

Answer 26

mean= average, range= highest number minus the lowest number, standard deviation= use calculator (to determine significance of outliers

Question 27

student t-test

Answer 27

to find critical valur (p value)

Question 28

active transport

Answer 28

substances actively move through the cell membrane, requires an input of energy

Question 29

passive transport

Answer 29

diffusion, does not require energy

Question 30

diffusion

Answer 30

dispersion of substances from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 31

facilitated diffusion

Answer 31

requires a specific membrane protein for diffusion to occur

Question 32

osmosis

Answer 32

diffusion of water

Question 33

solution

Answer 33

a solute if dissolved in a solvent

Question 34

hypotonic solution

Answer 34

has less solutes than the solution to which it is being compared

Question 35

hypertonic solution

Answer 35

hass more solutes than the solution to which it is being compared

Question 36

isotonic

Answer 36

solutions have equal amounts of solutes

Question 37

catalysts

Answer 37

compounds that speed up the rate of chemical reactions without being used up or altered themselves during the reaction

Question 38

substrate

Answer 38

the material with which the enzyme reacts, modified during reaction to form product

Question 39

optimal activity

Answer 39

optimal enzyme function in a narrow range of temperature and ph values

Question 40

enzyme specificity

Answer 40

specific enzymes only can react with specific substrate to create specific products