Binocular Vision

Question 1

Basic Exo or Eso

Answer 1

within 10 prism diopters change between distance and near

Question 2

CI/CE or DI/DE

Answer 2

anomalies of more than 10 prism diopters difference

Question 3

CI

Answer 3

at near, exo position

can be a 4 prism diopter difference

Symptoms: receded NPC and lower PFV/NRA

Tx: BI prism or VT

Question 4

CITT

Answer 4

most effective treatment for CI was office based + home reinforcement activities

Question 5

what is CI associated with

Answer 5

ADHD, ASD, concussions, lyme disease, alzheimer’s and parkinsons

Question 6

Pseudo-CI

Answer 6

accommodative problem

reduced NPC, PFV and eso at near with reduced amp and high lag

if more reduced with non-accommodative target, actual CI

if equal for both targets, it is Pseudo-CI

Tx: low plus for near or VT

Question 7

CE

Answer 7

eso at near; reduced PRA, NFV, high NRA

Tx: low plus at near or VT

Question 8

bino issues symptoms

Answer 8

double vision, moving words, headaches, fatigue, blurry when reading and poor attention, avoids reading

Question 9

K-3

Answer 9

learning to read

many pictures, fewer words, less concentration

visual perceptual skills needed but not accommodation or binocularity

Question 10

4th grade +

Answer 10

Reading to Learn

more words, fewer pictures, more concentration

accommodation and binocularity important here

Question 11

Accommodative Problem Symptoms

Answer 11

close working distance, blurry near vision, eyes tear at near, fatigue and HA when reading

Question 12

Accommodative Insufficiency

Answer 12

difficulty stimulating accommodation

Direct Measure: low amp, high lag

Indirect: low PRA, high NRA

associated with DS or CP or ADHD meds or SSRI

Question 13

Accommodative Infacility

Answer 13

hard time switching accommodative response

Direct: clearing monocularly

• 8-12: 7cpm
• 12+: 11cpm

Indirect: clearing binocularly
-8-12: 5cpm
- 12+: 10cpm
reduced PRA and NRA