BIM 1 Flashcards
What is information technology?
IT consists of all hardware and software that a firm needs to use to achieve its business objectives
Information systems are used to achieve the following objectives:
- operational excellence
to achieve higher levels of efficiency and productivity - new products, and business models
business model describes how a company delivers products - customer and supplier intimacy
the more a business is well-informed, the better suppliers can provide - improved decision making
- comeptitive advantage
- survival
a firm must invest in a new information system to comply with federal law - ESG leadesrip
environment, social, governance
A technical approach to information system
An information system is defined as a set of interrelated components that process information
What is meaningful information?
Data that has been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful
What is data?
Streams of raw facts representing events occuring in organisations
what are 3 functions of IS?
Input captures raw data
Processing converts raw data to meaningful form
Output transfers the processed info to the people who will use it
IS also requires feedback
What is behavioral approach to IS?
IS is not just hard/software but also the organisational processes and people involved
What is a sociotechnical system? What are the 3 aspects surrounding IS?
Organisations, technology, and people surround IS
What are the steps for a problem-solving appraoch?
- Problem identification
- Solution design
- Solution evaluation and choice
- implementation
What is critical thinking?
The sustained suspension of judgement with an awareness of multiple perspectives
What are the 4 elements of critical thinking?
- Maintaining doubt and suspending judgement
2 Being aware of different perspectives - testing alternatives and letting experience guide
- being aware of organizational and personal limitations
What are the 3 different perspectives
- technological perspective
considers components of IT - organisations perspective
considers a firm’s business processes, culture, structure - people perspective
considers the firm’s managmenet and individual employees
What is ethics?
Ethics refers to the principles of right and wrong that individuals use to make choices to guide their behavior
5 moral dimensions of the information age
- Accountability
Who can be held accountable? - System quality
What standards do we hold? - Property rights
how are rights protected - Information rights
who has information rights
5 Quality of life
What results in legal gray areas from new IS?
New situations that are not covered by exisiting laws
6 technological trends responsible for ethical stress
- computing power doubles every 18 months
- data storage costs rapidly decline
- data analysis advances
- networking advances
5 mobile devices proliferate
6 AI
What is profiling?
Combining data from multiple sources to create dossiers of individuals
What is nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA)?
combining data from multiple sources to find obscure hidden connections
What are basic concepts of ethics?
- Responsibility
You accept the potential costs of decisions - Accountability
Must be able to determine who took action and responsible - Liability
individuals can recover the damage - Due process
There are laws in place
Ethical analysis
- identify facts
- define conflict
- identify stakeholders
- identify options you can take
- identify potential consequences
What is the golden rule?
Says do things that you would want done to you. Put yourself in other persons place
What is the immanual kant’s categorical imperative?
If an action is not right for everyone, it is not right for anyone
What is the slipper slope rule?
If an action cannot be repeated, it is not right to take
What is the utilitarian principle
One must take the action that achieves the highest value
What is the risk aversion principle
one must take the action that produces the least harm
What is the ethical no-free-lunch rule
one should assume all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone
What is privacy?
The claim of individuals to be left alone
What is fair information practices (FIP)
- Notice/awareness
websites must disclose their information practices - choice/consent
consumers must be able to choose how their info will be used - access/participation
consumers should be able to review and contest the accuracy and completeness of data collected - security
data collectors must make sure data is secure - enforcement
a mechanism to enforce FIP rules
What are cookies?
A website uses cookies to monitor and track visitors to the website. It stores cookies on the visitors device.
Cookies are small text files on hard drives when a user visits the website
what are web beacons
tiny software programmes to keep record of users online clickstreams
Difference between opt-out and opt-in?
opt-out permits collection until consumer specifically requests data to not be collected
opt-in is when a business is prohibted to collect info unless consumer approves
What is management information systems (MIS)?
MIS tries to acheive broad information system literacy. 3 dimensions are
People/management
organisation
technology
give the 3 new technologies and what they are
- internet of things (IoT)
Objects that can connect with other devices - Big data
large quantities of unstructured data - cloud computing
a system which stores, processes data using network of remote computing centres
What is copyright
a grant that protects creators of intellectual property.
only the work is protected and not the idea
